Arthur Coles


Sir Arthur William "A.W." Coles was a prominent Australian businessman and philanthropist, a son of St James, Victoria shopkeeper George W. Coles.
With his brothers George James "G.J.", Kenneth Frank "K.F.", Edgar Barton "E.B.", and Norman Cameron "N.C." Coles, A. W. Coles founded Coles Variety Stores in the 1920s, which was to become Coles Group, one of the two largest supermarket chains in Australia.
He served as Lord Mayor of Melbourne from 1938 to 1940.
In 1940 he was elected to the federal parliament as an Independent from Henty. With Alexander Wilson, he held the balance of power, at first keeping the UAP-National government in office, but in 1941 switching sides to install a new Australian Labor Party government.
In 1946 Coles was appointed chair of the Australian National Airways Commission, which founded Trans Australia Airlines.

Early life

Arthur Coles was born in Geelong, Victoria and educated at the elite private school The Geelong College. When World War I began, Coles enlisted as a private, fighting at Gallipoli and on the Western Front in France, and was wounded on three occasions before being commissioned as a lieutenant.

Coles Variety Stores

Coles returned to Australia in 1919 and married Lillian Knight. He joined with two brothers and an uncle to open a variety store in Collingwood, a working-class suburb of Melbourne. Working on the slogan "Nothing over 2/6", the business grew rapidly. The family opened a series of new Coles Variety Stores around the country, Arthur moving to Sydney in 1928 to open and manage the first one in New South Wales. In 1931, at the height of the Great Depression, he returned to Melbourne to become managing director, a post he held until 1944. G. J. Coles & Co became the largest retailer in Australia.

Lord Mayor and federal politics

Coles became Lord Mayor of Melbourne in 1938, remaining in that position until 1940, when he resigned to stand for the federal seat of Henty as an independent candidate. Coles was one of the two independents, who held the balance of power through the early years of the Second World War and crossed the floor in 1941 to remove the hapless UAP-Country Party government of Arthur Fadden to install John Curtin, of the Australian Labor Party, as Prime Minister of Australia.
In 1944, Coles retired from business and devoted himself to public works, becoming the chair of both the Commonwealth Rationing Commission and the War Damage Commission. With the end of the war, he resigned from Parliament and became chair of British Commonwealth Pacific Airlines and the Australian National Airlines Commission. He was appointed chair of the Melbourne Olympic Games Committee in 1952, and a member of the CSIRO Advisory Council in 1956.
He was knighted in 1960 and retired in 1965. He died in 1982, leaving three sons and three daughters.