He was born in Northfleet, Kent to Elizabeth and George Gouge. His father George was a Methodist preacher. He had an older brother George, a younger sister Grace and two younger brothers Hubert and Walter. He attended Gravesend Technical School then Woolwich Polytechnic.
Career
As he did not like school he left it at the age of 13 and took up a carpentry apprenticeship with a firm of builders. Once working he however soon developed a desire for learning and began studying engineering and mathematics at night school. This was eventually to lead to him obtaining a B.Sc. degree.
Shorts
He joined Short brothers in Kent in 1915 as an ordinary hand in their carpentry section. Charles Richard Fairey, of Fairey Aviation Company, had also worked around this time at Shorts. By the early 1920s Gouge had been noticed and he had been promoted to the test department which tested hull forms in a water tank at Rochester. The Rochester testing tank was commissioned in the last half of 1924, is believed to be the first such tank built exclusively for use in the design of flying boat hulls. Gouge and Oscar Gnosspelius, another member of the test department, designed a travelling carriage which straddled the tank and pushed the hull under test through the water. The test hulls were normally made from solid mahogany, with a highly polished finish. In the early days of the department these were often made by Gouge. After testing the hull design for the Short Singapore I Gouge and another engineer, Jack Lower, raised questions about the proposed hull design. To lead to Oswald Short asking Francis Webber the chief designer at Shorts to re-design the hull with an unfluted planing bottom. Webber took exception to this instruction and resigned shortly afterwards. Gouge was in 1926 appointed Chief Designer in his place and changed the hull design. In 1932 he was appointed general manager. By 1935 he was one of two directors of the company with Oswald Short, when the company went public. During his time with the company he was responsible for the design of the Singapore II, III, Calcutta, Scion, Kent, Sarafand, Mayo Composite, "C-class" Empire and Sunderland flying boats, as well as the Scylla. It was Gouge in collaboration with Cyril Lipscombe, who designed the Short Stirling, the RAF's first four-engine heavy bomber, which first flew on 14 May 1939.
In 1942 pressure was put on Shorts by the Ministry of Aircraft Production to improve production efficiency as well as stop production of the Stirling and build Lancasters instead. Both Oswald Short who was Chairman of Shorts and Arthur Gouge refused. Short was forced by the government to resign on 11 January 1943 and Ministry appointed a new chairman. However the company continued to obstruct the government and on 23 March 1943 the company was nationalized using the Defence Regulation 78 by Sir Stafford Cripps. Gouge was subsequently dismissed. Despite being dismissed Gouge because of his expertise and standing in the industry was able to obtain in that same year the position of Chief Executive and Vice-Chairman of Saunders-Roe. He collaborated with Henry Knowler, the chief designer of Saunders Roe on the design proposal that lead to the Ministry of Supply issuing the company with a contract to build three long range SR.45 flying boats. the aircraft was eventually named the Princess. In September 1953 he gave a talk to the 1941 Committee, and again in July 1954. On 18 August 1959 he resigned from Saunders-Roe when it merged with Westland Aircraft.
Honours
He was awarded the RAeS British Gold Medal for Aeronautics in 1937. He was knighted in the 1948 Birthday Honours.
Personal life
He married Margaret Ellen Cook in 1918; they had one son and one daughter. His wife died on 15 May 1940. He died on Sunday 14 October 1962, aged 72 in Ryde, Isle of Wight and is buried with his wife in St. Margaret's Cemetery, in Rochester, Kent.
