Arthur Kingsley Porter
Arthur Kingsley Porter was an American archaeologist, art historian and medievalist. He was Chair of Harvard University’s Art History Department, and was the first American scholar of Romanesque Architecture to achieve international recognition. Porter disappeared in 1933. His most significant artistic contribution was his revolutionary studies and insights into the spread of Romanesque sculpture. His study of Lombard architecture also remains the first in its class. He left his Cambridge mansion, Elmwood, to Harvard University, where it has served as the official residence of Harvard's President since 1970.
Early life
Porter was born on February 16, 1883 in Darien, Connecticut, the third son born to a wealthy family. The family also kept a residence in New York City. Porter prepared at the Browning School in New York City, alongside classmate John D. Rockefeller Jr. He then attended Yale University, as had his father, Timothy Hopkins Porter, and his two older brothers, Louis Hopkins Porter and Blachley Hoyt Porter, several uncles and cousins. Porter had intended to study law. He had an experience while traveling in France and seeing Coutances Cathedral that made him interested in architecture.Family
Arthur Kingsley Porter was the son of Timothy Hopkins Porter and Maria Louisa Hoyt, one of the first women to graduate from Vassar College. When Porter's parents married in 1870 they merged two of Connecticut's oldest and most influential families, both having arrived in Connecticut in the early 1600s.In a biography of Porter's life, it was said of the Porters:
And of the Hoyt family:
The Porter family was known for being understated and private with matters having to do with the extent of their wealth. A New York Times article in October 1924 reported on the largest taxpayers in that city, with Arthur Kingsley Porter and his brother Louis listed therein. The article exposed that Louis Hopkins Porter had paid more taxes in 1923 than the estate of John Jacob Astor IV, several Rockefeller family members, and the same amount as William Randolph Hearst.
He married Lucy Bryant Wallace in 1912 in New York City; she acted as chief photographer for the pair from 1919 onwards, and was known during their marriage as Lucy Queensley Porter. They eventually moved on to Italy, and then Greece and Spain, and finally to Ireland.
Arthur Porter disappeared at age 50, in July 1933. He was outside during a storm on Inishbofin Island, near Glenveagh Castle, his home in Ireland, and was presumed drowned. His wife later told the coroner of her six hour search with two local fishermen. The inquest concluded that he had probably died from misadventure.
Notable Relatives
- Cousin Noah Porter, Academic, author, and the 11th President of Yale College from 1871–1886.
- Uncle Schuyler Merritt, Republican member of the United States House of Representatives representing Connecticut's 4th district for a combined 17 years. Merritt is also the namesake of the Connecticut Parkway that bears his name.
- *Merritt acted as a surrogate father to A. Kingsley Porter in his own father's later years
- *Merritt was a mentor to Porter's niece, Joyce Porter Arneill, political activist and philanthropist
- Uncle Frederick Maxfield Hoyt, Yacht Designer, Naval Architect and Sailor. Hoyt was a member of the New York Yacht Club, and Navigator on the sailing yacht Atlantic when she won the 1905 Kaiser's Cup Race and set a transatlantic sailing record that would stand for 100 years. Hoyt was also a first-class passenger on the RMS Titanic in 1912. After placing his wife in Collapsible Lifeboat D, he ascended to the bridge to have a drink with his friend Titanic Captain Edward Smith, before jumping into the water himself.
- Niece Joyce Porter Arneill, political activist and philanthropist, daughter of Porter's brother Louis Hopkins Porter. At 30 years old, Arneill was founder and first president of the National Federation of Republican Women, the women's wing of the Republican Party in the United States. At age 31, Arneill was a Republican National Convention delegate in the 1940 Presidential Election.
Yale & Harvard Professorships
- Porter held the title of Assistant Professor in the History of Art at Yale University from 1915–1917. In January 1916, Porter proposed giving the University a gift of $500,000 for the purpose of establishing an Art History Department at Yale. Porter laid out the very specific purposes for which the money was to be used
- * “To provide salaries for professors or instructors in the history of art in the academic department, as might be required. To provide for the running and overhead expenses of such a department, the purchases of equipment, slides, photographs, books, etc. Any residue to be used for the purchase of additional works of art to add to the collection of the Art School, and for the proper maintenance and housing of the same.”
- The University declined the offer, which could only be used for the purposes he set out. He became frustrated at Yale's lack of openness to having a full department dedicated to the study of the History of Art and Architecture.
- In 1918 Porter left Yale to lead architectural preservation efforts by the French government caused by war damage and was the only American invited to join said commission.
- Porter began teaching at Harvard University in 1921. He and his wife bought Cambridge Mansion Elmwood that same year. Porter was appointed to the newly established William Dorr Boardman Memorial Professorship of Fine Arts in January 1925.
- Porter taught at Harvard until his disappearance in 1933.
- Porter left Elmwood to Harvard University in his will, as well as a trust for its maintenance. His widow, Lucy, left the University an additional $1,000,000 in her will to endow a Chair to be called the A Kingsley Porter Chair Professorship. The medievalist Ernst Kitzinger was later appointed in 1967 as the first Professor.
Indiana Jones Persona & The Sahagún Sarcophagus
Sarcophagus Curse
While his overall station and manner of teaching, exploring, researching and writing certainly fit this ‘Indiana Jones’ profile, perhaps nothing made this a more fitting comparison than the incident with the Sarcophagus Commissioned by Count Pedro Ansùrez in 1093, for his young son Alfonso.
Porter came into possession of the sarcophagus, and took it to Harvard as a gift to the University's Fogg Museum, where it was prominently displayed. The Sarcophagus enabled Porter to prove his theory on the spread of Romanesque Sculpture:
In 1931, the Duke of Alba discovered the Sarcophagus had been removed from Lèon and brought to Harvard by Porter. The Spanish Government became involved with the negotiations with Harvard, but before any deal was reached, Alfonso XIII of Spain was overthrown by a revolution, and so the slab remained on display at Harvard in 1931. Negotiations resumed in 1933, and Porter consented for the Sarcophagus lid to be returned to Léon during that year.
Residences
- Blachley Lodge, on Noroton Hill, Darien, CT
- *Porter was born at Blachley lodge in Darien, Connecticut in February 1883
- Elmwood
- *Porter's Cambridge Mansion, Elmwood, had been previously occupied by Elbridge Gerry, a signer of the US Declaration of Independence and Vice President of the United States under President James Madison. Poet James Russell Lowell was born at Elmwood and lived there most of his life. Lowell's friend Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote a poem about the house entitled “The Herons of Elmwood”
- *Porter purchased Elmwood from Lowell's heirs in 1920, and put significant resources into improving it while honoring the home's history.
- *Porter often held class at Elmwood and allowed students to see relics from his travels.
- *Porter left Elmwood to Harvard in his will, along with a $100,000 trust for its care.
- *Lucy Porter died in 1962 and left Harvard University an additional $1 million.
- *Elmwood became the official residence of Harvard University's President in 1970, and remains so today.
- Glenveagh Castle, Ireland
- *Porter purchased Glenveagh Castle and its surrounding 30,000 acres in 1929. After his disappearance, Lucy Porter sold the property to Henry Plumer McHilhenny, one of Porter's former students from Harvard. McHilhenny would go on to entertain many notable guests at the castle, including Greta Garbo, Charlie Chaplin, Clark Gable, Marilyn Monroe and John Wayne.
Achievements & Selected works
- Medieval Architecture: Its Origins and Development, with Lists of Monuments and Bibliographies
- The Construction of Lombard and Gothic Vaults
- Lombard Architecture
- The Seven Who Slept
- Romanesque Sculpture of the Pilgrimage Roads – "his most well known and contentious work"
- Spanish Romanesque Sculpture
- The Crosses and Culture of Ireland