Arthur Shawcross
Arthur John Shawcross, also known as the Genesee River Killer, was an American serial killer active in Rochester, New York.
His first known murders were in 1972 when he killed a young boy and a girl in his hometown of Watertown, New York. Under the terms of a plea bargain, Shawcross was allowed to plead guilty to one charge of manslaughter, for which he served 14 years of a 25-year sentence. He killed most of his victims in 1988 and 1989 after being paroled early which led to criticism of the justice system. A food service worker, Shawcross trawled the streets of Rochester in his girlfriend's 1984 sky blue Dodge Omni, looking for sex workers to abduct.
He died in Albany, New York in 2008, while serving a prison sentence of 250 years for his crimes. Dr. Michael H. Stone, professor of psychiatry at Columbia University, and an authority on violent behavior, identified Shawcross as "one of the most egregious examples of the unwarranted release of a prisoner" in his book, The Anatomy of Evil.
Early life
Shawcross was born in Kittery, Maine, the first of four children of Arthur Roy Shawcross and Elizabeth "Bessie" Yerakes Shawcross. His family moved to Watertown, New York when he was young. While several later tests showed Shawcross' intelligence to be sub-normal or even "borderline retarded," he received As and Bs in his first two years of grade school but was later tested to have an IQ of 86, signifying below average intelligence.Shawcross said throughout his childhood, he was a frequent bed-wetter. He later claimed his mother would insert foreign objects into his rectum and that his aunt performed oral sex on him when he was 9, and that during junior high school he had sexual relations with his sister. Shawcross had a reputation at school as a bully and would frequently act out violently. He dropped out of high school in 1960.
In April 1967, at age 21, he was drafted by the Army. At this time, Shawcross divorced his first wife and gave up his rights to their 18-month-old son, whom he never saw again. He served one tour of duty in Vietnam, where he boasted of grotesque combat exploits, such as "beheading mama-sans and nailing their heads to trees as a warning to the Vietcong"—though he in fact never saw combat.
After Vietnam he was stationed at Fort Sill in Lawton, Oklahoma as an armorer. His second wife Linda experienced several aspects of his disturbing behavior, especially his penchant for starting fires; an Army psychiatrist told her that Shawcross derived "sexual enjoyment" from fire starting.
Return to New York
After his discharge from the Army, Shawcross moved with his wife from Oklahoma to Clayton, New York. His wife would soon divorce him, and he began committing crimes such as arson and burglary. His offenses earned him a five-year sentence at Attica Correctional Facility, and later Auburn Correctional Facility. After serving 22 months, he was granted an early release in October 1971, in part due to his role in the rescue of a correctional officer during a prison riot.Shawcross returned to Watertown, eventually getting a job with the Watertown Public Works Department, and marrying for the third time. On May 7, 1972, he raped and killed 10-year-old Jack Owen Blake, his first known victim, after luring the boy into some woods in Watertown. Jack's body wasn't found until authorities received a tip by phone on September 5.
On September 2, just prior to the body's discovery, he raped and killed eight-year-old Karen Ann Hill, who had been visiting Watertown with her mother for the Labor Day weekend. Shawcross was arrested the next day. A grand jury indicted Shawcross for murder in Hill's death. On October 17, he was allowed to plead guilty to a lesser charge of first degree manslaughter for both deaths and was sentenced to an indeterminate term at Attica, with a maximum of 25 years.
Jefferson County District Attorney William McClusky explained the plea by stating there was no direct evidence linking Blake and Shawcross, only Shawcross' confession to police. McClusky also suggested Shawcross could have argued at trial that he was under "extreme emotional disturbance," and a jury would have been likely to arrive at a verdict of manslaughter. In November, he was transferred from Attica to Green Haven Correctional Facility.
After fourteen years, inexperienced prison staff and social workers concluded that Shawcross was "no longer dangerous", disregarding the warnings of psychiatrists, who had assessed Shawcross as a "schizoid psychopath." He was released on parole in April 1987. He had difficulty settling down in communities as the neighbors would protest his presence and employers would fire him.
He first moved into Binghamton, New York, then relocated to Delhi, New York, with his girlfriend, Rose Marie Walley. When Delhi residents became aware of Shawcross' presence, the couple moved to nearby Fleischmanns, New York, only to be met with hostility there as well. In late June 1987, Shawcross' parole officer moved him and Walley into a transient hotel in Rochester, New York, but failed to notify Rochester authorities of this action. In mid-October, Shawcross and Walley found more permanent lodgings at 241 Alexander Street in Rochester.
Second series of murders
In March 1988, Shawcross began murdering again, primarily sex workers in the area, before his capture less than two years later. He was convicted of 11 murders, with a 12th not officially charged to him. The victims were:| # | Name | Age | Disappeared | Discovered |
| 1. | Dorothy "Dotsie" Blackburn | 27 | March 18, 1988 | March 24, 1988 |
| 2. | Anna Marie Steffen | 28 | July 9, 1988 | September 11, 1988 |
| 3. | Dorothy Keeler | 59 | July 29, 1989 | October 21, 1989 |
| 4. | Patricia "Patty" Ives | 25 | September 29, 1989 | October 27, 1989 |
| 5. | June Stott | 30 | October 23, 1989 | November 23, 1989 |
| 6. | Marie Welch | 22 | November 5, 1989 | January 5, 1990 |
| 7. | Frances "Franny" Brown | 22 | November 11, 1989 | November 15, 1989 |
| 8. | Kimberly Logan | 30 | November 15, 1989 | November 15, 1989 |
| 9. | Elizabeth "Liz" Gibson | 29 | November 25, 1989 | November 27, 1989 |
| 10. | Darlene Trippi | 32 | December 15, 1989 | January 5, 1990 |
| 11. | June Cicero | 33 | December 17, 1989 | January 3, 1990 |
| 12. | Felicia Stephens | 20 | December 28, 1989 | December 31, 1989 |
All the victims were murdered in Monroe County, except for Gibson, who was killed in neighboring Wayne County. The retired detective Robert Keppel has argued that the detectives investigating the case over-relied on the concept of modus operandi, at times searching for multiple suspects due to small differences in the profiles of each victim.
June Cicero's body was discovered by aerial surveillance on January 3, 1990.
Police arrested Shawcross two days later, on January 5, 1990. He had been spotted by a police surveillance team standing near his car, apparently urinating, on a bridge over Salmon Creek; upon whose frozen waters the body of his final victim was dumped.
Trial and conviction
In November 1990, Shawcross was tried by Monroe County First Assistant District Attorney Charles J. Siragusa for the 10 murders in Monroe County. Shawcross pleaded not guilty by reason of insanity, with testimony from psychiatrist Dorothy Lewis that he had brain damage, multiple personality disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder, and had been sexually abused as a child.Shawcross, who had served in Vietnam with the 4th Supply and Transport Company of the 4th Infantry Division, had told many outlandish tales of murderous activities, often perpetrated while alone in the jungle. From the time Shawcross returned from his tour of duty, he told acquaintances of seeing American soldiers "skinned from their neck to their ankles," and claimed to have decapitated two women he had victimized, "placing" their heads on poles.
FBI criminal profiler Robert K. Ressler reviewed the PTSD claim on behalf of the prosecution before the trial. Ressler wrote that "his claim of having witnessed wartime atrocities was patently outrageous and untrue." Prosecution psychiatrist Dr. Park Dietz said Shawcross had antisocial personality disorder.
Imprisonment
Shawcross was held at the Sullivan Correctional Facility in Fallsburg, New York, until he died on November 10, 2008, at the Albany Medical Center.In 2003, Shawcross was interviewed by British reporter Katherine English for a documentary on cannibalism. Shawcross bragged about slicing out and eating the vulvae of three victims, but refused to discuss his earlier claim of eating the genitals of his first victim, Jack Blake.