Arthur Wynne


Arthur Wynne was the British-born inventor of the modern crossword puzzle.

Early life

Arthur Wynne was born on June 22, 1871, in Liverpool, England and lived on Edge Lane for a time. His father was the editor of the local newspaper the Liverpool Mercury. He emigrated to the United States on June 6, 1891, at the age of 19, settling for a time in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Career

While in Pittsburgh, Wynne worked on the Pittsburgh Press newspaper, and played the violin in the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra. He later moved to New York City and worked on the New York World newspaper. He is best known for the invention of the crossword puzzle in 1913, when he was a resident of Cedar Grove, New Jersey.
Wynne created the page of puzzles for the "Fun" section of the Sunday edition of the New York World. For the December 21, 1913, edition, he introduced a puzzle with a diamond shape and a hollow center, the letters F-U-N already being filled in. He called it a "Word-Cross Puzzle."
Although Wynne's invention was based on earlier puzzle forms, such as the word diamond, he introduced a number of innovations. He subsequently pioneered the use of black squares in a symmetrical arrangement to separate words in rows and columns. With the exception of the numbering scheme, the form of Wynne's "Word-Cross" puzzles is that used for modern crosswords.
A few weeks after the first "Word-Cross" appeared, the name of the puzzle was changed to "Cross-Word" as a result of a typesetting error. Wynne's puzzles have been known as "crosswords" ever since.

Later life and death

Arthur Wynne became a naturalized US citizen in the 1920s. He died in Clearwater, Florida, on January 14, 1945.

Legacy

On December 20, 2013, he was honored with an interactive Google Doodle commemorating the with a puzzle by Merl Reagle. Numerous other constructors also created to commemorate the anniversary.