Artisanal food encompasses breads, cheeses, fruit preserves, cured meats, beverages, oils, and vinegars that are made by hand using traditional methods by skilled craftworkers, known as food artisans. The foodstuff material from farmers and backyard growers can include fruit, grains and flours, milks for cheese, cured meats, fish, beverages, oils, and vinegars. The movement is focused on providing farm to fork type foods with locally sourced products that benefit the consumer, small scale growers and producers, and the local economy.
Food artisans
Food artisans produce foods and edible foodstuffs that are not mass produced, but rather made by hand. These include cheeses, breads and baked goods, charcuterie and other foods that involve preservation or fermentation, home preservation or canning processes, and fruit preserves, cured meats, beverages, oils, and vinegars. Fermentation or otherwise controlling the preservation environment for beneficial microorganisms can be utilized for vinegars, cheeses, cured meats, wine, oolong tea, kimchi and other examples. An artisan food item is usually developed and produced over a long period of time and consumed relatively close to where the food is created.
Senator Jon Tester and Senator Kay Hagan introduced two amendments to the FSMA that removed local food growers and food processors from federal oversight. These growers and producers would remain under the jurisdiction of state and local health and sanitation laws, rules, and regulations.
Controversy
As of 2016, there was not a published official standard or definition for artisan foods. A good working definition can be gleaned from the Tester-Hagen Amendment that stated artisanal food producers are constrained to: "make less than $500,000 a year and sell greater than 50% of their products direct to consumers in the same state and within a 400-mile radius". The advertising and marketing industries have latched on to the trendy word "artisanal" and now have artisanal products on supermarket shelves and offerings from local fast food chains. Dunkin' Donuts came out with an "artisanal" bagel, Domino's Pizza dished out an "artisanal" pizza, Tostitos served up "artisanal" chips, McDonald's offered an "artisan" bun, Wendy's introduced an "artisan" egg sandwich, and Subway provided "sandwich artisans" to prepare lunch.
Guerrero, L., Guardia, M.D., Xicola, J., Verbeke, W., Vanhonacker, F., Zakowska-Biemans, S., Sajdakowska, M., Sulmont-Rosse, C., Issanchou, S., Contel, M., Scalvedi, M.L., Granli, B.S., Hersleth, M.. Consumer-driven definition of traditional food products and innovation in traditional foods. A qualitative cross-cultural study. Appetite. 52: 345-354.
Berlin, L., Lockeretz, W., Bell, R.. Purchasing foods produced on organic, small and local farms: a mixed method analysis of New England consumers. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems. 24: 267-275.
Von Biel, Victoria.. 10 Truly Artisanal Foods to Try Now. Food & Drink. Forbes.
Almli, V.L., Verbeke, W., Vanhonacker, F., Næs, T., Hersleth, M.. General image and attribute perceptions of traditional food in six European countries. Food Quality and Preference. 22: 129-138.
Carey, L., Bell, P., Duff, A., Sheridan, M., Shields, M.. Farmers' market consumers: a Scottisch perspective. International Journal of Consumer Studies. 35: 300-306.
Anna Roccato, Mieke Uyttendaele, Federica Barrucci, Veronica Cibin, Michela Favretti, Andrea Cereser, Marta Dal Cin, Alessandra Pezzuto, Alessia Piovesana, Alessandra Longo, Elena Ramon, Stefano De Rui, Antonia Ricci.. Artisanal Italian salami and soppresse: Identification of control strategies to manage microbiological hazards. Food Microbiology. 61: 5-13. ISSN 0740-0020.
Cheese
Kupiec, Beata and Revell, Brian.. Speciality and artisanal cheeses today: the product and the consumer. British Food Journal. 100: 236-243.
Kupiec, Beata and Revell, Brian.. Measuring consumer quality judgements. British Food Journal. 103: 7–22.
Di Monaco, Rossella, Di Marzo, Sabrina, Cavella, Silvana and Masi, Paolo.. Valorization of traditional foods: The case of Provolone del Monaco cheese. British Food Journal. 107: 98-110.
Fish
Suleiman, A, Tosan, Fregene Okoruwa, Victor O.. Analysis of Costs and Returns of Artisanal Fish Marketing in Kebbi State, Nigeria. Journal of Rural Economics and Development. 20: 21-29.
Kronen, Mecki.. Fishing for fortunes?: A socio-economic assessment of Tonga's artisanal fisheries. Fisheries Research. 70: 121-134. ISSN 0165-7836.