In 1992 Vemuri began working in investment banking at Deutsche Bank AG and Bank of America. Vemuri joined Infosys in 1999, where he went on to work closely with and be mentored by Narayana Murthy, the co-founder and then-CEO of the company. As of May 2003, Vemuri was serving as vice president and regional manager of sales for Canada and the northeast region of the United States. After management changes in June 2009, Forbes India reported that "Subhash Dhar, Ashok Vemuri, V. Balakrishnan and B.G. Srinivas... are now coming under . These five are among a band of leaders being groomed to take over from the founding team." Vemuri was soon serving as a senior vice president of Infosys, and became a member of the company's executive council. Vemuri went on to hold management roles at Infosys. For a time he served as chairman of the company’s operations in China, also serving on the boards of Infosys in the Americas and Infosys Public Services. Beyond heading Infosys' operations in Canada and eastern North America, he furthermore headed both the Financial Services & Insurance Business division and the Banking, Capital Markets & Strategic Global Sourcing division. Vemuri was appointed to the board of Infosys in June 2011, while retaining his roles as senior vice president and chief of the banking division. Infosys appointed Vemuri the global head of its Manufacturing & Engineering Services division in April 2012. Despite speculation in the press that Infosys was considering Vemuri as a choice for CEO, in September 2013 the press reported that he would instead by joining iGATE.
Work with iGATE (2013-2014)
On September 16, 2013, Vemuri was appointed CEO and president of the IT services provider iGATE, Early in his tenure, Vemuri assured shareholders that the $770 million in debt accrued by iGATE in 2011 would be dealt with in the "near-term," and by March 2014 iGATE had raised $325 million to repay part of the debt. After the company beat analysts expectations for first quarter earnings in 2014, that April the Economic Times reported that Vemuri had "abandoned the lofty revenue target set by his predecessor" in an effort to set "short-term, achievable growth targets for the company." In the first half of 2014, under Vemuri, iGATE engaged in a "hiring for growth" program and added 2,500 employees, bringing the headcount to 32,742 employees by June 2014. In July 2014, Vemuri was credited with securing a deal with CNA Financial, estimated to be worth around $200 million.
By March 2015, iGATE's stock value had increased since the start of Vemuri's tenure, with the company reaching a market capitalization of $3.3 billion. iGATE also had around 33,000 employees and revenues of about $1.3 billion, much higher than the annual revenue of $851.6 million from 2013. During his first eighteen months at iGATE, the press noted that Vemuri had helped "the firm’s market capitalisation increase almost three times." In April 2015, the French IT company CapGemini announced it would buy iGATE for USD $4 billion, creating a larger company with clients such as General Electric and Royal Bank of Canada. Vemuri led iGATE's side of the sale, and in July 2015 was voted into Capgemini's group management board. Vemuri resigned as iGATE CEO in October 2015.
Conduent CEO (2016-2019)
announced on June 14, 2016 that Vemuri had been chosen as the CEO of Conduent, Xerox's business process outsourcing unit, which was in the process of being separated as a new independent company. The outsourcing division had been struggling to meet its financial benchmarks, with the Economic Times opining that "Xerox is betting on IT industry veteran Vemuri's experience to help the company revive its outsourcing business." Xerox chairman and CEO Ursula Burns stated Vemuri had been selected because of his "deep industry experience and proven track record of leading growth and corporate transformations." Vemuri was appointed executive vice president and CEO of Xerox Business Services LLC, effective July 1. He became the CEO of Conduent after the separation of Xerox into two companies later that year. In May 2019 he resigned from the post of CEO in 2019 Q1 Earnings call. He left Conduent early Aug 2019.