Autoroutes of France
The autoroute system in France consists largely of toll roads. It is a network of of motorways as of 2014. On road signs, autoroute destinations are shown in blue, while destinations reached through a combination of autoroutes are shown with an added autoroute logo. Toll autoroutes are signalled with the word péage.
Length
Network length | |
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Source ASFA., ASFA 2018; Eurostat | Source ASFA., ASFA 2018; Eurostat |
Numbering scheme
Unlike other motorway systems, there is no systematic numbering system, but there is a clustering of Autoroute numbers based on region.A1, A3, A4, A5, A6, A10, A13, A14, A15, A16 radiate clockwise from Paris with A2, A11, and A12 branching from A1, A10, and A13, respectively. A7 begins in Lyon, where A6 ends. A8 and A9 begin from the A7.
The 20s are found in northern France. The 30s are found in eastern France. The 40s are found near the Alps. The 50s are in the southeast, near the French Riviera. The 60s are found in southern France. The 70s are found in the centre of the country. The 80s are found in western France.
Named routes
Some of the autoroutes are often given a name, even if these are not very used:- A1 is the autoroute du Nord.
- A4 is the autoroute de l'Est.
- A6 and A7 are autoroutes du Soleil, as it leads from northern to southern France and its sunny beach resorts.
- A8 is named La provençale as it cross the geographical region of Provence.
- A9 is named La Languedocienne as it crosses the geographical region of Languedoc
- A10 is named L'Aquitaine because it leads to Bordeaux, which is situated in the region Nouvelle-Aquitaine.
- A11 is named L'Oceane because it leads to Atlantic Ocean
- A13 is named the autoroute de Normandie as it traverses the region Normandy.
- A16 is named L'Européenne because it connects the French capital city with the Belgium–France border, passing by Calais, which is connected with England.
- A20 is named L'occitane as it leads to the south-west of France, in the region Occitanie.
- A21 is named the rocade minière because it crosses de Nord-Pas de Calais Mining Basin, the biggest mining stub in France.
- A26 is named the autoroute des Anglais as it leads from Calais, the main point of arrival for cars and lorries from the UK. It continues to Troyes, and passes straight through the Champagne region, whose wines are loved by the British. In addition it passes near the sites of the most famous battles fought by the British Army in World War I, such as Arras, Cambrai and the Somme and not far from Ypres and Mons in Belgium. It also passes sites of earlier UK interest such as Crecy and The Field of the Cloth of Gold.
- A36 is called la Comtoise after the region Franche Comté
- A40 is named the autoroute blanche because it is the road that goes the Alps and French winter resort towns.
- The A61 and A62 are named autoroute des deux mers because these roads connect the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea from Bordeaux via Toulouse to Narbonne.
- A68 is called autoroute du Pastel because it leads to Albi and to the Lauragais where woad was cultivated to produce pastel.
- A71 is called L'Arverne.
- A75 is called La Méridienne.
- A77 is called Autoroute de l'Arbre.
- A84 is called Autoroute des Estuaires because it is part of the main route between Belgium and Spain, avoiding Paris.
- A104, one of Paris's beltways, is also known as La Francilienne because it circles the region of Ile-de-France.
Administration
- ALIS, concessionnaire de l'A28 Rouen-Alençon 125 km,
- SAPRR, 1801 km,
- AREA, 381 km,
- ASF, 2325 km,
- ATMB Autoroutes et tunnels du Mont-Blanc, 107 km,
- CEVM, 2.5 km,
- Cofiroute, 896 km,
- Escota, 460 km,
- Sanef, A.C.S. group, 1317 km,
- SAPN, 366 km,
- SFTRF, Société française du tunnel routier du Fréjus, 67 km,
Privately managed | |
Source ASFA | Source ASFA |
Safety on French autoroutes
Safe driving
France has the following speed limits for limited access roads classified as motorways:- Under normal conditions -
- In rain or wet road conditions -
- In heavy fog or snowy/icy conditions -
In normal conditions, there is a minimum speed of in the lane most left.
Safe design
The autoroutes are designed to increase the safety of drivers; this allows a higher speed limit than on the normal roads. With those safety feature the risk of accident is not higher.The safety measures include:
- one way driving: the lanes driving in the opposite direction are separated by at least a crash barrier, which is designed to resist the oblique impact of a car at up to ; no intersecting roads but bridges and tunnels;
- wider carriageways, at least 2 lanes driving in the same direction, with a larger turning radius - some recently built autoroutes have one-lane-only sections; For private motorways, in 2017, the proportion is 6800 km in 2x2 lanes, 2252 km in 2x3 lanes, 84 km in 2x4 lanes. Each lane is 3m50 wide from 2000 standard.
- long acceleration and slowing lanes to get in or out of the autoroute without disturbing the traffic;
- presence of an additional emergency lane where it is forbidden to drive and to park and to walk; Since 2000, new emergency lanes on new motorways should be 2m50 wide. According to 2000 standard, the right of the road should contain a security zone of 8m50 or 10m wide in the limit of 3m high.
- presence of emergency call boxes every on each side, that allow to call for help with the possibility to locate the call; some call boxes have flashing light that warn when there is a problem ahead;
- presence every of resting zones, and every of a resting zone with a restaurant and a gas station - on most recently built autoroutes these distances are longer;
- regular patrols of the security services, to clear any obstacle and protect drivers in trouble with appropriate warning signs and beacons;
- dynamic information panels that warn about possible difficulties ahead ;
- an FM radio station provides flash info every 15 minutes and when it breaks;
- on heavy traffic days : organisation of specific information and recreation events at rest areas;
- radars automatiques currently being installed in many locations.
Safety results
Fatalities |
Source ASFA |
Fatalities accidents scenario
On French motorways, in 2016, 121 fatal accidents are direct/initial accidents representing 82% of fatal accidents, 16 fatal accidents occurs after a previous accident, and 10 fatal accidents occur after an incident.Three scenario catch two third of initial accidents:
- A01 simple collision of two vehicle without direction change
- A06 crash on protection system such as safety traffic barrier
- A05 loss of vehicle control
Fatalities and accidents remaining factors
Fatal accident by Light condition | Fatal accident cause |
Source Sécurité routière | Source ASFA |
Several factor of accidents are more highly probable by night in proportion to the traffic, although inattentiveness remains risky during the day.
Influence of time on the risk of accident | |
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Source ASFA | - |
Young drivers
Young drivers between 18 and 34 years old represent 19% of motorway drivers, but they are overrepresented in fatal motor vehicle collisionsand are involved in more than half of fatal accidents.
Involvement of young drivers in 2016, in fatal accidents | Involvement of young drivers in 2016, in fatal accidents | Involvement of young drivers in 2016, in fatal accidents | Involvement of young drivers in 2016, in fatal accidents | Involvement of young drivers in 2016, in fatal accidents |
young drivers in dangerous manoeuvre | young drivers in inattentiveness | young drivers in excessive speeding | - | - |
- | - | |||
Source ASFA | Source ASFA | Source ASFA | - | - |
Pedestrians
Although pedestrians are forbidden on motorways in conformity with the Vienna Convention, they are still sometimes killed on motorways.In case a vehicle on a carriage cannot move, motorways safety rules remains applicable: it is forbidden for a pedestrian to travel on the motorway by article 421-2 from the "Code de la route" law. For this reason, in case of accident or breakdown, it is advised to turn on hazard warning lights, wear high-visibility clothing, and go in a safer place such as the other side from the traffic barrier where there is no traffic. Since 2008, it is clarified that warning triangles are no longer mandatory when they would endanger the driver of the disabled vehicle.
Pedestrians killed in 2016 | Pedestrians killed in 2016 | Pedestrians killed in 2016 | Pedestrians killed in 2016 | Pedestrians killed in 2016 |
Place where pedestrians are killed | Reason for pedestrian presence | - | - | - |
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Source ASFA | Source ASFA | Source ASFA | - | - |
Economics
The toll roads were granted as concessions to mixed-economy corporations; the free roads are directly administered by the national government. Tolls are either based on a flat-rate for access to the road or on the distance driven. The latter case is the most common for long distances; users take a ticket from an automatic machine when they enter the autoroute, and pay according to the distance when exiting; toll booths accept multiple payment methods.In 2005, the Villepin government proposed a controversial plan to sell all of the state's holdings in autoroute companies to private investors. Critics contend that the price announced is well below the profit forecasts for these companies, and thus that the government sacrifices the future to solve current budgetary problems.
Mode of payment | |
Source ASFA | - |
List of Autoroutes
A30 - A39
- A 30 : Uckange - Crusnes
- A 31 : Beaune - Luxembourg
- A 32 : Freyming-Merlebach - Germany
- A 33 : Nancy - Hudiviller
- A 34 : Reims - Charleville-Mézières - Belgium
- A 35 : Lauterbourg - Switzerland
- A 36 La Comtoise : Ladoix-Serrigny - Germany
- A 38 : Pouilly-en-Auxois - Dijon
- A 39 Autoroute Verte : Dijon - Bourg-en-Bresse
A40 - A49
- A40 E62 Autoroute Blanche, Autoroute des Titans : Mâcon - Mont Blanc Tunnel
- A41 : Switzerland - Grenoble
- A42 E611 : Lyon - Bourg-en-Bresse
- A43 : Lyon - Italy
- A44 : bypassing Lyon by west
- A45 : Lyon - Saint-Étienne
- A46 : Anse - Givors
- A47 E70 : Lyon - Saint-Étienne
- A48 : Lyon - Grenoble
- A49 : Grenoble - Valence
A50 - A59
- A50 : Marseille - Toulon
- A507/L2 : ring of Marseilles.
- A500 : access to Monaco
- A51 : Marseille - Grenoble, Val de Durance
- A516 : Autoroute link between A51 from Marseilles and the city center of Aix-en-Provence
- A52 : Autoroute link between A8 and A50, great ring of Marseilles.
- A520 : Autoroute link between A52 and Auriol, access to Saint Maximin via the Sambuc pass
- A54 : Nîmes - Salon Sud
- A55 : - Martigues - Marseille
- A557 : one-direction ring of Marseilles downtown
- A56 :, link between A54 and A55 from Salon to Fos freight port
- A57 : Toulon – Vidauban, link with A8
A60 - A69
- A61 E80 Autoroute des Deux Mers: Toulouse - Narbonne
- A62 E72 Autoroute des Deux Mers: Bordeaux - Toulouse
- A63 E05/E70 Autoroute de la Côte Basque : Bordeaux - Biriatou
- A64 E80 La Pyrénéenne : Toulouse - Bayonne
- A65 E7 : Bordeaux - Pau
- A66 E9 : Toulouse - Pamiers
- A68 : Toulouse – Albi
A70 - A79
- A71 : L'Arverne Orléans - Clermont-Ferrand
- A72 : Saint-Étienne - Clermont-Ferrand
- A75 La Méridienne : Clermont-Ferrand - Béziers
- A77 Autoroute de l'Arbre Poligny - Nevers - Challuy
A80 - A89
Others
- A1 : Around Fort-de-France. Autoroute in Martinique, a French overseas territory.
- A104 : The Francilienne around the Île-de-France region
- A105 : Combs-la-Ville
- A110 : Ablis - Tours
- A115 : A15 - Méry-sur-Oise
- A131 : Bourneville - Le Havre
- A132 : A13 / Pont-L'Évêque - Canapville
- A154 : A13 - Louviers
- A199 : Torcy - Champs-sur-Marne
- A203 : Charleville-Mézières - Glaire
- A211 : A21 - N17
- A216 : A16/A26 - N216 Calais
- A260 : Boulogne-sur-Mer - A26
- A320 : A4 - Germany
- A330 : Nancy - Richardménil
- A391 : A39 - RN83
- A404 : Saint-Martin-du-Frêne - Oyonnax - Arbent
- A406 : Mâcon
- A430 : Chamousset - Gilly-sur-Isère
- A432 : Saint-Laurent-de-Mure - Montluel
- A508 : Tunnel
- A570 : A57 - Hyères
- A620 : A61 - A62
- A621 : Toulouse - Blagnac
- A623 : A620 - A61
- A624 : Toulouse - Colomiers
- A630 : Lormont - Bègles
- A631 : Bègles
- A641 : Oeyregave - Orthevielle
- A645 : Ponlat-Taillebourg - Seilhan
- A660 : Mios - Gujan-Mestras
- A680 : Castelmaurou - Verfeil
- A710 : Gerzat - Clermont-Ferrand
- A711 : Lempdes - Pont-du-Château
- A712 : Lempdes - Pont-du-Château
- A714 : Bizeneuille - Saint-Victor
- A719 : Gannat - Monteignet-sur-l'Andelot
- A750 : A75 to Clermont-l'Hérault - Montpellier
- A810 : La Rochelle - A10
- A811 : Carquefou - Sainte-Luce-sur-Loire
- A813 :Banneville-la-Campagne-Frénouville
- A831 : Rochefort - La Rochelle - Fontenay-le-Comte
- A837 Autoroute des Oiseaux : Rochefort - Écurat
- A844 : A11-A82
Radio coverage
This is list of highways that are updated in 107.7 FM every 15 minutes, live 24/7 :
Sanef 107.7 (1850km)
; Nord- A1 : Roissy-en-France - Carvin
- A2 : A1 - Hordain
- A16 : L'Isle-d'Adam - Boulogne-sur-Mer
- A26 : Calais - Saint-Quentin
- A29 : Neufchâtel-en-Bray - Saint-Quentin
; Ouest
- A13 : Orgeval - Caen
- A14 : Carrières-sur-Seine - Orgeval
- A29 :
- A132
- A139
- A154
- A813
Autoroute INFO (2487km)
- A5 : Lieusant - Langres
- A6 : Fleury-en-Bière - Limonest
- A19 : Courtenay - Sens
- A26 : northern Troyes - southern Troyes
- A31 : Beaune - Toul
- A36 : Beaune - Mulhouse
- A39 : Dijon - Bourg-en-Bresse
- A40 : Mâcon - Bellegarde
- A46 : Anse - Vaulx-en-Velin
- A71 : Bourges - Clermont-Ferrand
- A77 : A6 - Cosne-Cours-sur-Loire
- A105
- A311
- A391
- A406
- A411
- A430
- A714
- A40 : Bellegarde - Le Fayet
- A41 : Genève - Chambéry - Grenoble
- A42 : Bourg-en-Bresse - Vaulx-en-Velin
- A43 : Saint-Priest - Chambéry - Tunnel du Fréjus
- A48 : Bourgoin-Jallieu - Saint-Égrève
- A49
- A51 : Le Pont de Claix - Col du Fau
Environment
Privately managed motorways have 1764 wildlife crossing structures.