An Azerbaijani name consists of an ad, ata adı, and soyad.
Law
Names are regulated by the Civil Code of Azerbaijan. Besides name and surname, patronymics are also in use, however mostly in legal documents, not in daily use. For example, while Ilham Aliyev is known by his name and surname, his full name is Ilham Haydar oghlu Aliyev. Likewise, for women the patronymic form qızı is used, as in Sakina Abbas qızı Aliyeva. It's prohibited to give insulting, sarcastic or non-gender names to children by law. Children automatically inherit their parents' surname upon registration. However, children may change their surname suffixes by age of 10 by their own will. Full name change is only accepted after turning 18, when citizens can change their name, surname and even patronymic name as Family Code allows. Same law also allows complete removal of surnames leaving only first name and patronymic names, however their legal surname would change to XXX as a standard, to avoid problems with surname-less passports.
Given names
Azerbaijani names include names with Turkic, Germanic, Slavic, Persian, Arabic and Caucasian origin. There are several published onomastic dictionaries in Azerbaijani including more than 15.000 names. However, there are officially recorded 180.000 different names in registrar of Ministry of Justice. Names are mostly gender specific, however new females names could be invented by adding -ə to a male name. Unlike Turkish names, Azeri name are limited by law to one name per child. However, there are compound names like Mammadhasan or Aliakber.
Highly influenced by Russian naming customs, as use of surnames in Azerbaijan started in the 1900s with the Russian Empire; most surnames end with suffixes -ов, -ев meaning "belonging to". Before Russian rule, Azerbaijanis were known usually by their respective clan or tribal names, but Stalinist rule speeded up arbitrary Russification of these surnames. For example, if brothers Ali, Hasan and Huseyn were children of same father, their children were surnamed respectively Aliyev, Hasanov and Huseynov, which can cause problems in pedigree research.
Clan surnames
Certain surnames derives from clan names of old nobility such as Safavi, Bakikhanov and others. Most of these were already adopted by nobility in early stages of Russian Empire domination in Caucasus. Older surnames also have suffix -ski like Shikhlynski or Hajinsky. Others mostly incorporate noble titles like bey or khan with addition of suffixes like -ov or -li.
Profession surnames
Such surnames were historically derived from profession of progenitor of family. For example, Sarkarov would mean that progenitor of family was a tax collector.
Besides -ov and -yev, there are other surname suffixes: -li4, -zadeh, -soy and -gil. Adopted from Slavic naming customs, -ov/-yev is gender specific suffix can be converted into full name like Ali Huseynoghlu but his descendants will carry surname Huseynoghlu as well, even if their father is not named Huseyn.
Suffixless surnames
Much like Turkish names Azerbaijani law also accepts suffixless surnames, exceptions are surnames including noble titles like Agha, Khan or Bey.
Specific cases
Children born out of wedlock can still bear surnames of their biological parents even if they are not married, they have same rights as any other children. If father is not known, any children will carry their matrineal surname.
LGBT
Azerbaijani law also allows transgender citizens to change their name according to their preferred gender, there are no official statistics about these requests, however.
Minority names
There are several law prohibitions for names, but none of those apply to ethnic minorities and they are free to use names according to their cultures. This means ethnic Azerbaijanis cannot name their daughter Elizabeth but ethnic Russian citizens can.
