BBC News Russian - formerly BBC Russian Service - is part of the BBC World Service's foreign language output, one of nearly 40 languages it provides.
History
The BBC Russian Service began broadcasting on 26 March 1946. However, during World War II there were sporadic broadcasts to the Soviet Union in Russian only. Most of these broadcasts were after 1942. These were mainly short news bulletins or announcements relating to UK Foreign Office policy in Russian from 1943 onwards but often weeks or months apart. In the Cold War-era broadcasts were severely jammed. Despite this, it tried to bring to listeners in Soviet Union information they were deprived of, including works of writers and dissidents who could not publish their work at home, such as Alexander Solzhenitsyn. Jamming finally stopped in the late 1980s, as perestroika took hold.
Broadcasting
The BBC Russian Service has moved all its operation to the Internet, halting radio broadcasting after 65 years on air. Before the final decision to concentrate on online production the Russian Service radio was available only on AM. The BBC Russian Service partnered with Bol'shoe Radio, an FM broadcaster in Moscow between April and August 2007. Daily broadcasts alternated between the Russian Service and Radio Moscow. On 17 August 2007 Bol'shoe Radio notified the BBC World Service that it planned to stop transmission of BBC programming in Russian as of that afternoon. BBC content was not aired as usual at 1700 ; the station was ordered by its owner, the financial group Finam, to pull the shows or risk being taken off air altogether. The BBC planned to appeal against the decision. In its 2007 Foreign and Commonwealth OfficeAnnual Report the House of Commons' Foreign Affairs Committee concluded that "the development of a partnership with the international arm of a Russian state broadcasting network puts the BBC World Service's reputation for editorial independence at risk". Masha Karp, Martin Dewhirst, Victor Suvorov, Vladimir Bukovsky, Oleg Gordievsky criticized the BBC Russian service for giving less coverage to viewpoints outside of those approved by the Russian government. The criticism ignored the fact that Alexander Litvinenko’s last interview from his hospital bed was with BBC Russian and it had featured a full spectrum of views about his death. An article in The Economist suggested that the BBC's desire to continue using local transmitters in Russia may conflict with its neutrality. The BBC World Service denied it and said the problems it faced in acquiring carriage on FM in Russia emanated from the growing impact its distinctive programmes were having with audiences rather than weakening the quality of its output. They said it was the awkward journalistic questions the BBC had asked that inspired the authorities to bring persistent pressure to bear upon its FM partners to drop its programmes until the threat of losing their licences altogether became too strong. In November 2008 the BBC World Service announced a far-reaching strategy rethink, seeing most of the Russian Service's standalone news bulletins end and two blocks of current affairs programming widened. The strategy envisioned closure of longer, lighter feature programmes and aggregating some of their elements such as insights on British culture into a new weekend programme. The news drew sharp criticism from British experts on Russia who argued that the BBC World Service had weakened its editorial line under pressure from Kremlin and that it lost crucial links with British culture and political thought. The BBC World Service responded that the changes were necessary to solidify radio output at peak audience times coupled with lack of FM frequencies throughout its target audience and restrictions imposed by the Russian Government. BBC World Service said that far from dropping analytical and cultural programming, as claimed, the BBC Russian service was strengthening the provision of journalism about politics and culture, and giving it space within high-profile programmes seven days a week at times when most listeners were available. They also argued that their limited budget would be better spent on creating a better website – which is an area of growth in news consumption and which the Russian authorities had not yet attempted to censor or block. They also argued that their limited budget would be better spent on creating a better website – which the Russian authorities had not yet attempted to censor or block. On 21 April 2009 the BBC Russian Service relaunched their website in a new wider template that corresponded with other language services such as Portuguese, Spanish, Persian, Urdu and Vietnamese. On 26 March 2011 the service stopped broadcasting on medium and shortwave, and now publishes and broadcasts on the internet only. In March 2012 the service began its first TV broadcasts with regular transmissions on TV Dozhd - the service was the first to broadcast live TV from the BBC's new building in central London. The bulletin is also available via bbcrussian.com.
Presentation
The Prince of Denmark's March, commonly known as the Trumpet Voluntary, was the signature tune of the shortwave BBC Russian Service. This musical composition by Jeremiah Clarke in an arrangement for trumpet, string orchestra and organ by Sir Henry Wood became widely known to the audience in the USSR thanks to the BBC broadcasting. The arrangement, as aired on the BBC radio, was perceived in particular as a genuine example of the British "imperial" style and was used as such by the Russian composer Vladimir Dashkevich while writing the main music theme for the popular series of television films The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson.
