BMW M54


The BMW M54 is a naturally aspirated straight-6 petrol engine produced from 2000 to 2006. It was released in the E53 X5 and is the replacement for the M52 engine. The S54 is the equivalent high performance engine, used in the E46 M3, the Z3 M Coupé/Roadster and the E85 Z4 M. The BMW M56 SULEV engine is based on the M54.
The M54 was phased out following the introduction of the BMW N52 engine in 2004. In 2002 and 2003, the M54 topped the Ward's 10 Best Engines list.

Design

Compared with the final versions of its M52 predecessor, the M54 has a non-return fuel system, a fully electronic throttle, Siemens MS 43 engine management, a revised intake manifold and the North American engines no longer use an iron block. The displacement of the largest variant increased from 2.8 L to, due to an increase in stroke to.
As per the M52TU, the M54 uses an aluminium block and aluminium cylinder head with cast iron cylinder liners. Variable valve timing is fitted to both camshafts, a dual length intake manifold is used and the thermostat is electronically controlled. The redline remains at 6,500 rpm.
There was no "technical update" version of the M54 produced, therefore the engine specifications remained the same throughout its 7-year production run.

Models

M54B22

The M54B22 produces at 6,100 rpm and at 3,500 rpm. Bore is, stroke is and the compression ratio is 10.8:1.
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The M54B25 produces at 6,000 rpm and at 3,500 rpm. Bore is, stroke is and the compression ratio is 10.5:1.
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The M54B30 is the largest M54 variant and produces at 5,900 rpm and at 3,500 rpm. Bore is, stroke is and the compression ratio is 10.2:1.
In the United States and Canada, a "ZHP" version of the M54B30 used different camshafts and reprogrammed engine management to develop at 5,900 rpm and at 3,500 rpm and have a slightly higher redline of 6,800 rpm.
The M54B30 was on the Ward's 10 Best Engines list through 2001-2003.
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The S54 was marketed as the high performance equivalent to the M54, however it is actually more an evolution of the BMW S50 and shares few parts with the M54. As per the S50, the engine block is made of cast iron. Redline is 8,000 rpm.
Compared with the S50, the S54 features:
There is no direct successor to the S54, since the following generation of M3 is powered by the BMW S65 V8 engine.

S54B32

Variations in power and torque outputs are often due to country-specific emissions regulations, or space constraints of a chassis affecting the layout of the intake/exhaust system.
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An upgraded version of the S54 engine was used in the E46 M3 CSL. This engine is designated S54B32HP and the changes include a revised intake made from carbon fiber, revised camshafts, a MAP sensor, a lightweight exhaust manifold with a straighter air path and a straightened intake manifold.
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