First proposed in 1964 by Charles Adler, a Baltimore-based inventor of traffic and aircraft safety devices, the station was dedicated on October 23, 1980coincidentally, mere hours after Adler's deathand opened for Amtrak intercity and Conrail commuter trains three days later. The station's building houses a ticketing desk, waiting room, and a concessions area. The adjacent parking garage is used by commuters who ride the train to work in Baltimore or Washington, and also contains the bus stop for shuttles to the BWI terminal. The garage was built in the late 1990s to replace a smaller surface lot. It contains 3,200 parking spaces and typically does not fill to capacity. The Carolinian served the station between 1991 and 2004.
Platform renovations
The high-level platforms were rebuilt and lengthened between 2006 and 2010. The existing structures were replaced with new precast concrete segments, and new signs, lights, shelters, railing, canopies, and benches were installed.
Expansion
In 2010, $9.4 million was allocated for design and engineering of a new station building and fourth track, which was then expected to cost $80–100 million. MDOT requested $300 million in federal funds for the project in 2011, but the request was denied. The Federal Railroad Administration issued a Finding Of No Significant Impact—a major step in the environmental review process—in February 2016, clearing the way for final design and construction to begin after funding was obtained. The project was then expected to cost $600 million and include of fourth track. On August 27, 2018, the MTA began a $4.7 million project to rebuild and enlarge the station. A temporary station building was used during construction The new station opened in October 2019, with a ribbon-cutting ceremony held in December. The renovation did not modify the Amtrak-owned footbridge, which has water leakage and cleanliness issues, nor add WiFi service in the MTA-owned waiting area. In response, the MTA said that it does not offer WiFi at any of its stations, but is working with Amtrak to ensure that the footbridge gets needed repairs.
BWI Rail Station is located on Amtrak's Northeast Corridor, a rail line connecting Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, New York, and Boston. Amtrak's Northeast Regional, Acela Express, Vermonter, and Palmetto, as well as the MARCPenn Line commuter rail service, stop at the station. Amtrak long distance trains, as well as some Northeast Regional and Acela Express trains, bypass the station. The station appears in Amtrak timetables as BWI Marshall Airport. Unlike most major stations along the Northeast Corridor, it is not possible to check bags to and from BWI; it is by far the busiest Amtrak station without checked baggage service.
Public transit services
Airport shuttle bus: The station is indirectly connected to MTA's Baltimore Light Rail, for which there is a stop station at the airport terminal.