Sir Baber Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana was born to Field Marshal H.H. Svasti Sri Madati Prachandra Bhujadandyetyadi Ati-Projjwala-Nepal-Taradisha Sri Sri Sri Maharaja Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, T'ung-ling-ping-ma-Kuo-Kang-wang, Maharaja of Lambjang and Kaski, GCB and Bada Maharani Chandra Loka Bhakta Lakshmi Devi on January 27, 1888 at Kathmandu. He married twice, first in 1903, to Sri Bada Rani Deva Bakhta Rajya Lakshmi; and secondly to Sri Bada Rani Baid Bakhta Rajya Lakshmi. He had three sons and two daughters:
Bala Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana,.
Lieutenant-General Prasiddha-Prabala-Gorkha-Dakshina-Bahu Mrigendra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, born in 1906.
Major-General Subikhyat-Tri-Shakti-Patta, Prasidha-Prabala-Gorkha-Dakshina-Bahu Sir Brahma Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana KCIE, born in 1909.
Phanindra Rajya Lakshmi, Rani of Tiloi, born in 1908.
Homa Rajya Lakshmi, Rani of Nayagarh, born in 1913.
Sir Baber Shamsher was educated at the Mayo College, Ajmer. In 1901, he was made a Major General of the Royal Nepalese Army and was promoted to Lieutenant General in 1903. After being Aide de camp to his father in 1908, he was promoted to a General in 1914, and finally to the post of Commanding General in 1934. In 1927, he was made an Honorary Colonel in the British Army. In 1946, he led the Royal Nepalese troops at the Victory parade in London. During the premiership of his older brother, Sir Mohan Shamsher, Sir Baber Shamsher was the Mukhtiyar and Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Nepalese Army. In 1951, he became the Minister for Defence in the Congress Rana Cabinet led, by his brother. However he was a bete noire in the eyes of the Nepali Congress, and was replaced by his younger brother, Singha Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana on June 10, 1951.
2 February – 19 December 1919: General Supradipta-Manyabara-Nepal-Tara Sri Teen Sir Maharajkumar Baber Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, KCSI, KCIE
19 December 1919 – 1934: General Supradipta-Manyabara-Nepal-Tara Sri Teen Sir Maharajkumar Baber Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, GBE, KCSI, KCIE
1934–1935: Commanding-General Supradipta-Manyabara-Nepal-Tara Sri Teen Sir Maharajkumar Baber Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, GBE, KCSI, KCIE
1935–1939: Commanding-General Supradipta-Manyabara-Nepal-Tara Suprasidha-Prabala-Gorkha-Dakshina-Bahu Sri Teen Sir Maharajkumar Baber Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, GBE, KCSI, KCIE
1939–1946: Commanding-General Supradipta-Manyabara-Nepal-Tara Jyotirmaya-Subikhyat-Tri-Shakti-Patta Suprasidha-Prabala-Gorkha-Dakshina-Bahu Sri Teen Sir Maharajkumar Baber Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, GBE, KCSI, KCIE
1946–1960: Commanding-General Supradipta-Manyabara-Nepal-Tara Om-Ram-Patta Jyotirmaya-Subikhyat-Tri-Shakti-Patta Suprasidha-Prabala-Gorkha-Dakshina-Bahu Sri Teen Sir Maharajkumar Baber Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, GCVO, GBE, KCSI, KCIE