Babka or Bobka is a sweet braided bread or cake of Ashkenazi Jewish origin, popular in Israel and elsewhere in the Jewish diaspora. It is prepared with a yeast-leavened dough that is rolled out and spread with a filling such as chocolate, cinnamon, fruit, or cheese, then rolled up and braided before baking.
History
Babka developed in the Jewish community in Poland in the early 19th century. Extra challah dough was rolled up with fruit jam or cinnamon and baked as a loaf alongside the challah. Chocolate was not originally used, as it was not generally available; the chocolate babka was likely a mid-20th century American development. Its name may be related to a type of Easter cake popular in Poland and Ukraine also known as baba or the diminutive babka, which means "grandmother" in Polish, related to the Yiddish bubbe. Babka was mostly unheard of outside of the Polish Jewish community until the latter part of the 20th century. European-style bakeries started to offer it in late 1950s Israel and in the US. In addition to chocolate, various fillings including poppy seeds, almond paste, cheese, and others became popular, and some bakers began to top it with streusel.
2010s popularity
Beginning in the 2010’s the popularity of babka increased across the United States, especially in New York, where a popular Israeli bakery from Tel Aviv owned by baker Uri Scheft, Breads Bakery, opened a location and began to sell their babka filled with traditional fillings such as cinnamon, as well as nontraditional fillings such as Nutella, apple, cheesecake, as well as a savory version with za'atar and feta cheese. They became well known for their chocolate babka. Other versions such as at Russ and Daughters in New York and Wise Sons in San Francisco, helped the babka become a trendy baked good. The new found popularity of babka across the United States among both Jews and non-Jews has resulted in many non-traditional variations filled with such fillings as buffalo chicken, rainbow, everything bagel, and cookie butter, among others. Babka has also been featured on restaurant menus and in such dishes as french toast, babka ice cream, and babka ice cream sandwiches, among others. Babka has become available at grocery stores across the US, with Trader Joe’s offering their own chocolate version made in Brooklyn.
Preparation
It consists of either an enriched or laminated dough; which are similar to those used for challah, and croissants respectively, that has been rolled out and spread with a variety of sweet fillings such as chocolate, cinnamon sugar, apples, sweet cheese, Nutella, mohn, or raisins, which is then braided either as an open or closed plait, topped with a sugar syrup in order to preserve freshness and make the bread more moist. It is sometimes topped with a streusel topping.
American style babka is traditionally made with a dough similar to challah dough, and is often topped with streusel, poppy seeds or a crumb topping.
Israeli style
Israeli style babka is made with a laminated dough, enriched with butter, which is then folded and rolled it multiple times to create many distinct layers, similar to that used for Israeli style rugelach, and also croissant dough. Israeli style babka is available with a wider array of fillings and shapes. It is most often shaped into a loaf pan, but it is also sometimes made into individual babkas, a pie-shaped babka, formed into a ring shape, or braided and baked free form or formed into individual twists similar to a cheese straw. The most popular fillings are chocolate which is commonly made with Haschahar Ha'ole, and Israeli chocolate spread, mohn, and sweet cheese typically made with gvina levana. They are rarely topped with a streusel topping. It is typically sweet however savory versions are also popular in Israel, often containing labneh and za'atar. It is also often baked as "roses", individual pastries shaped to resemble a rose. They may also be made with a closed plait, versus the more common open plait.
Kokosh
A similar cake called a kokosh is also popular in Jewish bakeries. Kokosh also comes in chocolate and cinnamon varieties, but it is lower and longer than babka, is not twisted, and not topped with streusel. Cakes of these styles are typically, but not universally, considered baked in loaf pans, rather than babkas. Kokosh has become popular in North American cities with large Jewish populations, including Montreal, New York, Chicago, Miami, and Toronto.
Babka was referenced in the American television seriesSeinfeld episode "The Dinner Party". Jerry and Elaine stop at Royal Bakery to purchase a chocolate babka while Kramer and George go to buy wine. Jerry and Elaine forget to take a number at the counter. As a result, David and Barbara Benedict, a couple on their way to the same dinner party, get ahead of them in line and purchase the last chocolate babka. Jerry and Elaine resort to purchasing a cinnamon babka, which Elaine considers a "lesser babka." They find that the babka has a hair on it, and are forced to wait in line again to exchange it.
