Bagnold number
The Bagnold number is the ratio of grain collision stresses to viscous fluid stresses in a granular flow with interstitial Newtonian fluid, first identified by Ralph Alger Bagnold.
The Bagnold number is defined by
where is the particle density, is the grain diameter, is the shear rate and is the dynamic viscosity of the interstitial fluid. The parameter is known as the linear concentration, and is given by
where is the solids fraction and is the maximum possible concentration.
In flows with small Bagnold numbers, viscous fluid stresses dominate grain collision stresses, and the flow is said to be in the 'macro-viscous' regime. Grain collision stresses dominate at large Bagnold number, which is known as the 'grain-inertia' regime. A transitional regime falls between these two values.
