The general consensus is that the Bahra' belonged to the Quda'a, an Arab tribal confederation with Yemenite roots, though a minority of sources place them as part of another Yemenite tribal grouping, the Banu Judham. According to Arab genealogical tradition, as chronicled by Ibn Abd Rabbih, the tribe’s progenitor was a certain Bahra' ibn Amr ibn al-Haf ibn Quda’a. This tradition holds that Bahra' had five sons Ahwad, Qasit, Abada, Qasr and Adi, all of whose progeny became large clans of the tribe. There are scant records of the Bahra' tribe in the pre-Islamic era, but it is apparent that they were part of the Ghassanid-led Arab tribal federates of the Byzantine Empire in the Syrian Desert. The tribe is mentioned in a single verse of an Arabic poem from that era which has them based in Rusafa, a trading post between Syrian Palmyra and Mesopotamian Sura that also contained a shrine dedicated to St. Sergius; the latter was venerated by the Arab Christian federate tribes. The verse, recorded in the Al-Mufaddaliyyat, read: “And as for Bahra', they are a group whose place we know. They have a path around al-Rusafa that is clear.” It is not known when the Bahra' converted to Christianity but it was most likely when they entered Byzantium’s service and allied with the Christian Ghassanid leaders of the federates in the late 6th century. Their prior paganism is noted in a pre-Islamic poem in which they mocked the “Christian swords” of the Christian Taghlib tribe. According to historian Clifford Edmund Bosworth, they converted in circa 580, after the Tanukh and Taghlib, the Bahra's tribal neighbors in the middle Euphrates. Historian Irfan Shahid stipulates that the Bahra' were in charge of protecting Rusafa and the trade routes running through it from non-federate Bedouin tribes and the Lakhmids, guarding the pilgrimage shrine of St. Sergius, and possibly facilitating supplies to the town. The Bahra' were among the Arab federate tribes in the Byzantine army of Emperor Heraclius at the Battle of Mu'tah in 629 in which the latter defeated the newly ascendant Muslim Arabs. In 633, the Bahra' and Byzantium's allied Arab tribes were mobilized to combat the Arab Muslim forces of Khalid ibn al-Walid at the Battle of Dumat al-Jandal but were defeated. The Bahra' fought once more in the Byzantine–Arab Christian coalition against the Muslims in 634. However, following the Muslim conquest of Syria, they converted to Islam. They ultimately migrated west to the plains of the Homs region. The 9th-century geographer al-Ya'qubi noted that the Bahra' and Tanukh tribes predominated in Hama. By the time the Arab ruler Sayf al-Dawla formed his emirate in northern Syria in the 10th century, the abode of the Bahra' lay in the mountainous coastal region between Latakia and Tripoli. From around that time, the Syrian Coastal Mountain Range became known as the "Jabal Bahra'" after the tribe.
