Balinese numerals


The Balinese language has an elaborate decimal numeral system.

Basic numerals

The numerals 1–10 have basic, combining, and independent forms, many of which are formed through reduplication. The combining forms are used to form higher numbers. In some cases there is more than one word for a numeral, reflecting the Balinese register system; halus forms are listed in italics.
Final orthographic -a is a schwa .
NumeralBasicCombiningIndependent
1besika-, sa-*abesik, aukud
1sikia-, sa-*abesik, aukud
2duaduang-dadua
2kalihkalih-kakalih
3telutelung-tetelu
3tigatigang-tetiga
4patpetang-papat
5limalimang-lelima
6nemnem-nenem
7pitupitung-pepitu
8kutuskutus-, ulung-akutus
9siasia-, sangang-Asia
10dasadasa-adasa

* A less productive combining form of a- 1 is sa-, as can be seen in many of the numbers below. It, ulung-, and sangang- are from Javanese. Tiga 3 is from Sanskrit traya. Dasa 10 is from Sanskrit daśa.

Teens, tweens, and tens

Like English, Balinese has compound forms for the teens and tens; however, it also has a series of compound 'tweens', 21–29. The teens are based on a root *-welas, the tweens on -likur, and the tens are formed by the combining forms above. Hyphens are not used in the orthography, but have been added to the table below to clarify their derivation.
UnitTeensTweensTens
1solas 11se-likur 21
2rolas 12dua-likur 22duang-dasa 20
2rolas 12kalih-likurkalih-dasa
3telu-las 13telu-likur 23telung-dasa 30
3telu-las 13tigang-likurtigang-dasa
4pat-belas 14pat-likur 24petang-dasa 40
5lim-olas 15salaé 25seket 50
6nem-belas 16nem-likur 26nem-dasa 60
7pitu-las 17pitu-likur 27pitung-dasa 70
8pelekutus 18ulu-likur 28kutus-dasa, ulung-dasa 80
9siang-olas 19sanga-likur 29sia-dasa, sangang-dasa 90

The high-register combining forms kalih- 2 and tigang- 3 are used with -likur, -dasa, and higher numerals, but not for the teens.
The teens are from Javanese, where the -olas forms are regular, apart from pele-kutus 18, which is suppletive. Sa-laé 25, and se-ket 50 are also suppletive, and cognate with Javanese səlawé 25 and səkət 50.
There are additional numerals pasasur ~ sasur 35 and se-timahan ~ se-timan 45, and a compound telung-benang for 75.

Higher numbers

The unit combining forms are combined with atus 100, atak 200, amas 400, tali 1000, laksa 10,000, keti 100,000, and yuta 1,000,000 as they do with dasa 10:
100s-atus
200s-atak
300telung-atus '
400s-amas
500limang-atus
600telung-atak '
700pitung-atus
800domas
900sanga
1000siu
1200nem-bangsit
2000duang-tali
1,000,000a-yuta

Atak is a 'bundle' and amas is 'gold'. In addition, there is karobelah 150, lebak 175, and sepa for 1600. At least karobelah has a cognate in Javanese, ro-bəlah, where ro- is the short form for two.