Barr, Bas-Rhin


Barr is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in the Alsace region of north-eastern France.
The inhabitants of the commune are known as Barrois or Barroises.
The commune has been awarded "three flowers" by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the Competition of cities and villages in Bloom.

Geography

Barr lies in the foothills of the Vosges Mountains at the foot of Mont Sainte-Odile some 25 km south-west of Strasbourg and 5 km north of Epfig. The A35 autoroute passes through the eastern tip of the commune from north to south and Exit lies in the tip of the commune. The D62 runs west through the commune from the exit to Andlau. Access to Barr town is by the D362 from Mittelbergheim in the south, by the D35 from Heiligenstein in the north, and by the D42 which branches from the D1422 north of Gertwiller. The D1422 from Gertwiller in the north runs from north to south through the east of the commune and continues to Saint-Pierre. The D854 goes from the town west through the length of the commune then north to join the D426 in the west. The D426 continues through the western part of the commune to Le Hohwald. The D109 comes from Saint-Nabor in the north to join the D854 in the west of the commune. The D130 branches off the D426 in the west of the commune and goes west to join the D214 at Rothlach. There is also Barr railway station in the town with the railway going north to Gertwiller station and south to Eichhoffen station.
Barr is the wine capital of Alsace with the oldest Alsace wine fair and an historical "Harvest Festival" which is traditionally held the first weekend of October.
La Kirneck river rises in the west of the commune and flows eastwards through the town and continues east to join the Andlau.

Transport and communication routes

Part of the "forest of Landsberg" is located in the commune. This forest has been owned by a forestry group run by six managers since 1800. The forest covers 158 hectares spread over 3 communes. It is the subject of a "close to nature forestry" management according to the principles recommended by Prosilva with no clear-felling. It was certified by the Forest Stewardship Council in December 2000 and by the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification in December 2002.

History

Barr appears as Barr on the 1750 Cassini Map and the same on the 1790 version.
Although the first written records mentioning the village of Barr as Barru dates from the year 788, historians believe that the site was occupied long before as evidenced by many prehistoric remains of the Iron Age and Bronze Age discovered in the area.
Barr was originally an imperial property, but in 1522 the Habsburgs leased it to Nicolas Ziegler, and converted into Allod or freehold three years later. His son later sold it to the city of Strasbourg. This led to Barr being involved in the Bishop's War of Strasbourg against the Catholics of Lorraine, which resulted in Barr's castle and many of its houses being razed to the ground in 1592.
During the Thirty Years War it suffered from the Holy Roman Empire, the Swedes, and the French but less than the surrounding villages. During the conflict with Louis XIV in Strasbourg, the town was occupied by the French: the murder of an officer by a resident brought about the burning of the town in retaliation.
Rebuilding was rapid and thereafter Barr had no further disasters although it had to endure the passage of troops that had to be fed.
In the 18th century there was a legal process that lasted nearly a century opposing the ceding of the localities of the Lordship of Barr to the city of Strasbourg, their suzerain, who claimed all the forests of its vassal. In 1763 a first decision attributed the lands to Strasbourg; there was an appeal and it was not until 1836, under the July Monarchy, that the verdict was definitively confirmed.

Heraldry

The portcullis in the arms symbolizes the ancestral role of this city as the last barrier on the way to the Mont Sainte-Odile, formerly a sacred place occupied by the Druids.

Administration

List of Successive Mayors
FromToNamePartyPosition
1815Jacques Dietz
19621971Louis KlipfelFarmer
19711989Marcel KriegDoctor
19891995Michel Schwanger
19952020Gilbert SchollyUMPVP of Regional Council of Alsace since 1998

Twinning

Barr has twinning associations with:
In 2010 the commune had 6830 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known from the population censuses conducted in the commune since 1793. From the 21st century, a census of communes with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants is held every five years, unlike larger communes that have a sample survey every year.

Culture and heritage

Barr has a very large number of buildings and sites that are registered as historical monuments.
Highlights of some of the sites are:
The commune has an enormous number of items that are registered as historical objects. For a complete list including links to descriptions click .

Picture Gallery

Culture