Matienzo was founded as Lieutenant MatienzoJoint Base on 15 March 1961 as a joint effort between the Argentine Army and the Argentine Air Force. Under the command of then CaptainIgnacio Carro, several aircraft and tracked vehicles were employed to transport more than of cargo from Esperanza. At the end of 1962 Matienzo was the launch site for the first major Air Force operation in the Antarctic. In what was called Operación Sur, a Douglas C-47 commanded by then Captain Mario Luis Olezza took off from the base trying to reach the South Pole and then land on McMurdo Station. This first attempt failed due to a fire in the airplane's engines. The plan could only materialize in 1965. On 15 November 1963 the base was transferred under exclusive command of the Air Force, and renamed as Destacamento Aeronáutico Teniente Matienzo, The Air Force kept a number of planes for exclusive service of the base. During 1964 an extensive program of meteorological and climatological observations was fulfilled: it included studying the glaciological profile across the Matienzo–Esperanza route and the coastal channel route between the Robertson Island and the 72° 30' S position. Also, topographic and aerial photographic surveys of the Larsen Ice Shelf were made. In 1965 two Gamma Centaurosounding rockets developed by the Argentine Air Force and two high altitude balloons carrying instruments for x-ray measurements where launched from the base, under collaboration with the University of Tucumán and the Instituto de Investigaciones Aeronáuticas y Espaciales. That year the base name was changed to the present one. On 29 July 1968 a Beaver P-05 took off from Matienzo with the mission of assisting a critically ill medical patient in the BritishBase "F" on the Argentine Islands. Amidst very bad weather, the aircraft crashed without casualties and the evacuation had to be delayed until the icebreaker ARA General San Martín could finally take over and succeed with the mission. Matienzo stayed closed through the 1972–1973 campaign, and was reopened on 8 September 1974; it was closed again for the 1984–1985 campaign and reopened once again, although it has been a summer-only base ever since.
Description
Matienzo is composed of 6 buildings and includes facilities such as: main and emergency houses, airstrip, helipad, fuel platform, central power station with two Antarctic gas oil generators, waste treatment plant, laboratory, freezing chamber, a warehouse and several deposits. The long airstrip is located over a nearby glacier away, and is usable by all kind of ski-mounting aircraft. The snow-covered helipad is south from the base; several Bell 212 helicopters are used for deployment and supply of scientific personnel. Matienzo also has a basic infirmary attended by a paramedic. Periodically a Twin Otter aircraft deals with the transfer of personnel and cargo, as well as waste evacuation. The base actively manages preservation and restoration of the surrounding environment; garbage and waste is removed, concentrated, classified, packaged and compacted for later disposal in the Argentine mainland.
Scientific activity
Scientists at Matienzo carry out meteorological, ionospheric, oceanographic and nivological observations; they perform aerial photographic surveys and studies on geology and geophysics involving high precision gravity and magnetism measurements. Scientific and technical staff of the Argentine Antarctic Institute uses part of its facilities for winter–spring activities. The base is the launching point for expeditions to the Larsen Ice Shelf and Jason Peninsula. Staff of the National Meteorological Service commissioned at Matienzo keeps track of the masses of ice, solar radiation and atmospheric parameters. Retreat and collapse of the Larsen Ice Shelf is constantly monitored by analyzing satellite imagery, GPS positioning and terrain data to investigate the ice-climate interactions in critical areas under climate change conditions.
Climate
The median annual temperature at the base is ; the highest temperature ever recorded was on 16 March 1965, and the lowest, on 5 August 1964.
