Baumann family (architects)


The Baumann family was a family of American architects who practiced in Knoxville, Tennessee, and the surrounding region, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It included Joseph F. Baumann, his brother, Albert B. Baumann, Sr., and Albert's son, Albert B. Baumann, Jr.. Buildings designed by the Baumanns include the Mall Building, the Church of the Immaculate Conception, Minvilla, the Andrew Johnson Building, and the Knoxville Post Office.
Joseph Baumann, the son of a carpenter, began working as an architect in Knoxville in 1872, when he designed the city's first opera house, Staub's Theatre. In 1887, his brother, Albert, became a full partner in the firm, which then began operating under the name, Baumann Brothers. Joseph left the firm in 1913, and Albert worked alone until 1922, when his son joined the firm, which then changed its name to Baumann and Baumann. The firm continued working under different partners following the death of Albert Baumann, Jr., in 1952. It currently operates as Kaatz Binkley Jones and Morris.
The Baumanns have been called Knoxville's first architectural "dynasty." They designed many of the major buildings constructed in the city during the late 19th century. Several of their works, which range from downtown high-rises to suburban cottages, have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

History

William Baumann, the father of Joseph and Albert Baumann, Sr., was born in Bavaria, and immigrated to America in the 1830s. In 1837, he married Catherine Schneider. The family briefly lived in Savannah, Georgia, where Baumann worked as a shipbuilder. By the 1840s, the family had moved to East Tennessee, where Baumann found ample work as a carpenter and house builder in various growing towns around the region. The Baumanns moved to Knoxville in 1855.
During the Civil War, the Baumann house, located on what was then the outskirts of town, was occupied by both Union and Confederate soldiers, and suffered considerable damage. Some of the Baumann children were sent to Charleston, Tennessee, to stay with family friends, while remaining family members hid out in the Second Presbyterian Church. After the war, Baumann and his sons continued working as carpenters, and helped to rebuild Knoxville.

Joseph Baumann, 1872–1887

Joseph Francis Baumann, the second son of William and Catherine Baumann, was born in Tellico Plains, Tennessee, on January 16, 1844. He initially worked in the carpentry trade alongside his father, but began listing his services as an architect in 1872. That year, he designed two important Knoxville landmarks, the Second Empire home of financier Charles McClung McGhee on Locust Street, and Staub's Theatre, the city's first opera house, on Gay Street.
In 1875, Baumann designed Odd Fellows Hall for confectioner Peter Kern, as well as the Third Presbyterian Church, of which the Baumanns were members. Other major commissions during this period included the Hattie House Hotel, the East Tennessee National Bank, and large mansions for businessmen such as C. J. McClung and James D. Cowan. One of Baumann's most well-known projects, the Church of the Immaculate Conception, was completed atop Summit Hill in 1886.

Baumann Brothers, 1887–1913

Joseph Baumann's younger brother, Albert Benjamin Baumann, was born in Knoxville on August 30, 1861. He joined Joseph's firm as a draftsman in 1882, and upon his promotion to full partner in 1887, the firm began operating under the name, "Baumann Brothers." This firm's early work included several large warehouses with ornamented storefronts on Jackson Avenue, campus buildings for the Holbrook Normal College and Baker-Himel School, and elaborate houses, such as Westwood on Kingston Pike and Park Place in Fountain City.
In the 1880s, Joseph Baumann helped renovate and expand Knoxville's first Market House, a one-story shed-like structure which occupied much of Market Square. The Baumanns subsequently designed an imposing two-story replacement for this building, which was completed in 1897. That same year, the Monroe County Courthouse in Madisonville was completed, one of several courthouses designed by the Baumanns. Later courthouses included the Blount County Courthouse in Maryville and the Washington County Courthouse in Jonesborough.
Joseph Baumann left the firm in 1913, and retired from the profession altogether in 1916. He died on April 20, 1920. Albert continued as the firm's sole principal for several years. His commissions included the expansion of Knoxville High School, the original design of which he had provided in 1910. He also remodeled the Charles McClung McGhee House as a Masonic Temple in 1915.

Baumann and Baumann, 1922–1952

Albert's son, Albert "A.B." Baumann, Jr., was born in Knoxville on January 20, 1897. He studied architecture at the University of Pennsylvania under French-born architect Paul Cret, who is credited with spreading the Beaux-Arts style in America. In 1922, Albert, Jr., joined his father's firm, which then began operating under the name, "Baumann and Baumann."
One of Baumann and Baumann's largest projects was the Andrew Johnson Hotel, which was built in the late 1920s, and would remain Knoxville's tallest building for several decades. Another major undertaking was the U.S. Post Office on Main Street, a large neoclassical structure influenced by post office buildings designed by Paul Cret during the same period. The Baumanns designed several major schools for the county, including Park City Junior High, Tyson Junior High, and Central High School and Fountain City Elementary School in 1931. All four still stand, and the latter two are still used as schools.
Albert Baumann, Sr., died on November 23, 1942, and Albert Baumann, Jr., died on September 19, 1952. Both are buried in Highland Memorial Cemetery. Joseph Baumann is buried in Old Gray Cemetery. Wallace Baumann, the son of Albert Baumann, Jr., remained active in Knoxville as a local historian until his death in 2009. KBJM, the successor to the Baumann firm, is currently based in Mt. Juliet, Tennessee.

Works

Several hundred structures in Knoxville alone have been attributed to Baumanns' firms. Over a dozen of these structures have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the most recent listing being Minvilla in 2010. Along with their architectural services, the Baumanns also supervised the construction of several notable Knoxville buildings, including the Knox County Courthouse and St. John's Cathedral.
Joseph Baumann read trade magazines such as Inland Architecture and National Builder, and frequently attended American Institute of Architects conventions, and was thus aware of the changes taking place in architecture during the 1880s and 1890s. His early designs were typically in the Second Empire and Early English Gothic styles. By the mid-1880s, however, he had transitioned to the more contemporary Victorian Gothic and Queen Anne styles.

List of works

Key

Designed by Joseph F. Baumann, 1872-1887
Designed by Baumann Brothers, 1887-1913
Designed by Baumann and Baumann, 1922-1952
NameLocationCompletedStatusOther informationImageReference
Charles McClung McGhee House Knoxville, Tennessee1872AlteredExterior drastically modified by Albert Baumann, Sr., as a temple for the local Masons in 1915
Staub's Theatre Knoxville, Tennessee1872DemolishedKnoxville's first opera house; designed for Swiss-born entrepreneur Peter Staub
Peabody School Knoxville, Tennessee1874Altered
Mall Building Knoxville, Tennessee1875StandingNRHP ; also called "Kern Building" or "Odd Fellows Hall"; currently Hotel St. Oliver
C.J. McClung House Knoxville, Tennessee1876DemolishedNorman-style house with mansard roof
Third Presbyterian Church Knoxville, Tennessee1877DemolishedLater the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church
Hattie House Knoxville, Tennessee1879BurnedRemodeled as Imperial Hotel in 1894, burned 1916; rebuilt as Farragut Hotel
Maury AcademyDandridge, Tennessee1884DemolishedBecame Maury High School in 1910, replaced by current building in late 1920s
Church of the Immaculate Conception Knoxville, Tennessee1886StandingBuilt for Knoxville's first Catholic congregation; Victorian Gothic style
East Tennessee National Bank Knoxville, Tennessee1886Demolished
First Baptist Church Knoxville, Tennessee1886DemolishedBuilding demolished in the 1920s when the congregation moved to a new location on Main Street
Girls High SchoolKnoxville, Tennessee1886Demolished
Fourth Presbyterian Church Knoxville, Tennessee1887DemolishedGothic Revival-style church
Broad Street Methodist Church Knoxville, Tennessee1887Burned
Third National Bank Knoxville, Tennessee1887Burned
Lockett Building Knoxville, Tennessee1889DemolishedHABS
Park Place Knoxville, Tennessee1890DemolishedHABS ; this house once stood at the intersection of Broadway and Cedar in Fountain City
Westwood Knoxville, Tennessee1890StandingNRHP
Borches Block Knoxville, Tennessee1890DemolishedRichardsonian Romanesque-style commercial block
Lenoir City Company office Lenoir City, Tennessee1890StandingNRHP ; currently home to the Lenoir City Museum
New Providence Presbyterian ChurchMaryville, Tennessee1892DemolishedReplaced by the current church building in the early 1950s
Baumann cottage Knoxville, Tennessee1893StandingNRHP contributing property ; designed for the Baumanns' siblings
Holbrook Normal CollegeKnoxville, Tennessee1894DemolishedReplaced by current Gresham Middle School in 1931
Albert B. Baumann HouseKnoxville, Tennessee1895 StandingModified
Market House Knoxville, Tennessee1897DemolishedRemoved in 1960, replaced by Market Square Mall
Monroe County CourthouseMadisonville, Tennessee1897StandingNRHP
Woman's Building Knoxville, Tennessee1897BurnedBuilt for the Tennessee Centennial Exposition in Nashville, where it was known as the "Knoxville Building"; moved to Knoxville after the exposition and renamed "Woman's Building"
Fayerweather Science Building Maryville, Tennessee1898Burned; rebuilt 2001NRHP contributing property
Carhart Building Knoxville, Tennessee1900 StandingNRHP contributing property ; HABS
125-127 West JacksonKnoxville, Tennessee1900 StandingNRHP contributing property ; HABS ; 127 built c. 1900; 125 built before 1886, remodeled to match 127 c. 1900
Blount County CourthouseMaryville, Tennessee1906StandingNeoclassical-style courthouse
Union Soldier MonumentKnoxville, Tennessee1906StandingPart of NRHP-listed Knoxville National Cemetery
Knoxville High School Knoxville, Tennessee1910StandingNRHP contributing property ; school closed in 1951
Washington County CourthouseJonesborough, Tennessee1912StandingNRHP contributing property
Glenwood School Knoxville, Tennessee1913AlteredRemodeled with addition c. 1926 by Barber & McMurry. School closed 1990s. Now Brownlow Lofts.
Minvilla Knoxville, Tennessee1913StandingNRHP ; Renovated as 5th Avenue Motel c. 1950s, restored to original appearance 2000s
DeGroat House Knoxville, Tennessee1915StandingNRHP contributing property ; designed for a cousin
Knoxville Masonic Temple Knoxville, Tennessee1915StandingOriginally built in 1872 and designed by Joseph Baumann; remodeled as Masonic Temple by Albert B. Baumann, Sr., 1915
631 Scenic DriveKnoxville, Tennessee1927StandingLate-1920s and early-1930s development in Sequoyah Hills
Central United Methodist Church Knoxville, Tennessee1927StandingNRHP
Benjamin Morton House Knoxville, Tennessee1927StandingNRHP
Park City Junior HighKnoxville, Tennessee1927StandingNRHP ; remodeled as Park Place condominiums by Kristopher Kendrick
Cherokee Country Club Knoxville, Tennessee1928Standing
Fidelity Building Knoxville, Tennessee1929StandingNRHP ; originally constructed 1871, remodeled 1929
Andrew Johnson Hotel Knoxville, Tennessee1930StandingNRHP
Park City Branch LibraryKnoxville, Tennessee1930Standing
806 Scenic DriveKnoxville, Tennessee1931StandingLate-1920s and early 1930s development in Sequoyah Hills
Fountain City ElementaryKnoxville, Tennessee1931StandingStill in use as an elementary school
Gresham Middle SchoolKnoxville, Tennessee1931StandingOriginally Central High School, became middle school in 1971
Lockett House Knoxville, Tennessee1931StandingLate-1920s and early 1930s development in Sequoyah Hills
Appalachian ClubhouseElkmont, Tennessee1934StandingNRHP contributing property
Knoxville Post Office Knoxville, Tennessee1934StandingNRHP
Tyson Junior High School Knoxville, Tennessee1936StandingNRHP
Arlington Church of ChristKnoxville, Tennessee1948Standing
Smithwood SchoolKnoxville, Tennessee1950Standing
Tennessee Supreme Court Building Knoxville, Tennessee1951Standing