Belinae are a Gondwanan subfamily of beetles which belong to the belids, primitive weevils of the familyBelidae. Like in other belids, their antennae are straight, not elbowed as in the true weevils. The Belinae make up the bulk of the diversity of living belid genera. They are found in the Australia-New Guinea-New Zealand and South America. Of the three tribes placed here, the Pachyurini appear to hold the most primitive genera, while the Agnesiotidinimight be the most advanced one. The overalldelimitation of tribes is not entirely robust though, and particularly the placement of the diverse Belini in respect to the Agnesiotidini is somewhat uncertain. The belids as a whole are of Jurassicorigin, and the Belinae must thus date from the Late Jurassic or at most Early Cretaceous, roughly some 150million years ago.
Description and ecology
Belinae typically have an elongated and cylindrical shape. They can be distinguished from the Oxycoryninae by a few characters: The scutellum of the Belinae is tipped upwards, with the base hidden by a flange at the elytra bases and the distal end pointing out between the wing bases. The sternite of the metathorax is characteristically swollen. Microscopically, it can be seen that their spermatheca are sickle-shaped, well developed and darkly pigmented. The Agnesiotidini have a groove at the hind margin of the eye, which is missing in the other two tribes. In the larvae, the posterior margin of the pronotum is enlarged, with a more or less strongly thickened hind margin. In the Pachyurini, the larvae has an open and dividedoccipital foramen with ridges on the dorsal emargination and the labrum and epipharynx have paired and divergentparamesal sclerotizations. These are also present but curved in the Agnesiotidini; the labrum-epipharynx of the Belini is unsclerotized. The maxillary malae are densely covered with setae in the Agnesiotidini, it has only a few setae in the others. Their larvae feed on wood, mostly of Araucariaceae. Certain Belini larvae also feed on the wood of Fabaceae, while some Agnesiotidini take the wood of Myrtaceae. Some Pachyurini larvae eat the developing fruits of Nothofagaceae. Like all Belini, they prefer diseased or dying plants or deadwood to healthy plants.
