Bentham & Hooker system
A taxonomic system, the Bentham & Hooker system for seed plants, was published in Bentham and Hooker's Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita in three volumes between 1862 and 1883.
George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker were British botanists who were closely affiliated to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in England. Their system of botanical taxonomy was based on the principle of natural affinities and is considered as pre-Darwinian as it does not take evolution into account. The Genera plantarum classified an estimated 97,205 species into 202 families and 7,569 genera.
Summary
The system recognises the following main groups:- Class DICOTYLEDONES
- *DICOTYLEDONUM POLYPETALE vol I
- **: Series 1. Thalamiflorae
- **: Series 2. Disciflorae
- **: Series 3. Calyciflorae
- *DICOTYLEDONES GAMOPETALÆ vol II
- **: Series 1. Inferae
- **: Series 2. Heteromerae
- **: Series 3. Bicarpellatae
- *DICOTYLEDONES MONOCHLAMIDEÆ vol III
- Class GYMNOSPERMEÆ vol III
- Class MONOCOTYLEDONES vol III
Families and orders in the Bentham & Hooker system
Dicotyledonae
Dicotyledonae- DICOTYLEDONUM POLYPETALARUM Vol I
- : SERIES I THALAMIFLORÆ
- :: COHORS I. RANALES
- ::: I. RANUNCULACEÆ
- ::: II. DILLENIACEAE
- ::: III. CALYCANTHACEÆ
- ::: IV. MAGNOLIACEAE
- ::: V. ANONACEAE
- ::: VI. MENISPERMACEÆ
- ::: VII. BERBERIDACEÆ
- ::: VIII. NYMPHÆACEAE
- :: COHORS II. PARIETALES
- ::: IX. SARRACENIACEAE
- ::: X. PAPAVERACEAE
- ::: XI. CRUCIFERAE
- ::: XII. CAPPARIDEAE
- ::: XIII. RESEDACEAE
- ::: XIV. CISTINEAE
- ::: XV. VIOLARIEAE p. 114 4 tribes
- ::: XVI. CANELLACEAE
- ::: XVII. BIXINEAE
- :: COHORS III. POLYGALINÆ
- ::: XVIII. PITTOSPOREÆ
- ::: XIX. TREMANDREAE
- ::: XX. POLYGALAE
- ::: XXa. VOCHYSIACEAE
- :: COHORS IV. CARYOPHYLLINÆ
- ::: XXI. FRANKENIACEÆ
- ::: XXII. CARYOPHYLLEÆ
- ::: XXIII. PORTULACEÆ
- ::: XIV. TAMARISCINEÆ
- :: COHORS V. GUTTIFERALES
- ::: XXV. ELATINEÆ
- ::: XXVI. HYPERICINEÆ
- ::: XXVII. GUTTIFERÆ
- ::: XXVIII. TERNSTROEMIACEÆ
- ::: XXIX. DIPTEROCARPEÆ
- ::: XXX. CHLENACEÆ
- :: COHORS VI. MALVALES
- ::: XXXI. MALVACEÆ
- ::: XXXII. STERCULIACEÆ
- ::: XXXIII. TILIACEÆ
- : SERIES II. DISCIFLORÆ
- :: COHORS VII. GERANIALES
- ::: XXXIV LINEÆ
- ::: XXXV. HUMIRIACEÆ
- ::: XXXVI. MALPIGHIACEÆ
- ::: XXXVII. ZYGOPHYLLEÆ
- ::: XXXVIII. GERANIACEÆ
- ::: XXXIX. RUTACEÆ
- ::: XL. SIMARUBEÆ
- ::: XLI. OCHNACEÆ
- ::: XLII. BURSERACEÆ
- ::: XLIII. MELIACEÆ
- ::: XLIV. CHAILLETIACEÆ
- :: COHORS VIII. OLACALES
- ::: XLV. OLACINEÆ
- ::: XLVI. ILICINEÆ
- :: COHORS IX. CELASTRALES
- ::: XLVII. CELASTRINEÆ
- ::: LVII. LEGUMINOSÆ
- ::: LVIII. ROSACEÆ
- ::: LIX. SAXIFRAGEÆ
- ::: LX. CRASSULACEÆ
- ::: LXI. DROSERACEÆ
- ::: LXII. HAMAMELIDEÆ
- ::: LXIII. BRUNIACEÆ
- ::: LXIV. HALORAGEÆ
- :: COHORS XII. MYRTALES
- ::: LXV. RHIZOPHOREÆ
- ::: LXVI. COMBRETACEÆ
- ::: LXVII. MYRTACEÆ
- ::: LXVIII. MELASTOMACEÆ
- ::: LXIX. LYTHRARIEÆ
- ::: LXX. ONAGRARIEÆ
- :: COHORS XIII. PASSIFLORALES
- ::: LXXI. SAMYDACEÆ
- ::: LXXII. LOASEÆ
- ::: LXXIII. TURNERACEÆ
- ::: LXXIV. PASSIFLOREÆ
- ::: LXXV. CUCURBITACEÆ
- ::: LXXVI. BEGONIACEÆ
- ::: LXXVII. DATISCEÆ
- :: COHORS XIV. FICOIDALES
- ::: LXXVIII. CACTEÆ
- ::: LXXIX. FICIOIDEÆ
- :: COHORS XV. UMBELLALES
- ::: LXXX. UMBELLIFERÆ
- ::: LXXXI. ARALIACEÆ
- ::: LXXXII. CORNACEÆ
- DICOTYLEDONES GAMOPETALÆ vol II
- : SERIES I. INFERÆ
- :: COHORS I. RUBIALES
- ::: LXXXIII. CAPRIFOLIACEÆ
- ::: LXXXIV. RUBIACEÆ
- :: COHORS II. ASTERALES
- ::: LXXXV. VALERIANEÆ
- ::: LXXXVI. DIPSACEÆ
- ::: LXXXVII. CALCEREÆ
- ::: LXXXVIII. COMPOSITÆ
- :: COHORS III. CAMPANALES
- ::: LXXXIX. STYLIDIEÆ
- ::: LC. GOODENOVIEÆ
- ::: XCI. CAMPANULACEÆ
- : SERIES II. HETEROMERÆ
- :: COHORS IV ERICALES
- ::: XCII. VACCINIACEÆ
- ::: XCIII. ERICACEÆ
- ::: XCIV. MONOTROPEÆ
- ::: XCV. EPACRIDEÆ
- ::: XCVI. DIAPENSIACEÆ
- ::: XCVII. LENNOACEÆ
- :: COHORS V. PRIMULALES
- ::: XCVIII. PLUMBAGINEÆ
- ::: XCIX. PRIMULACEÆ
- ::: C. MYRSINEÆ
- :: COHORS VI. EBENALES
- ::: CI. SAPOTACEÆ
- ::: CII. EBENACEÆ
- ::: CIII. STYRACEÆ
- : SERIES III. BICAPELLATÆ
- :: COHORS VII. GENTIANALES
- ::: CIV. OLEACEÆ
- ::: CV. SALVADORACEÆ
- ::: CVI. APOCYNACEÆ
- ::: CVII. ASCLEPIADEÆ
- ::: CVIII. LOGANIACEÆ
- ::: CIX. GENTIANEÆ
- :: COHORS VIII. POLEMONIALES
- ::: CX. POLEMONIACEÆ
- ::: CXI. HYDROPHYLLACEÆ
- ::: CXII. BORAGINEÆ
- ::: CXIII. CONVOLVULACEÆ
- ::: CXIV. SOLANACEÆ
- :: COHORS IX. PERSONALES
- ::: CXV. SCROPHULARINEÆ
- ::: CXVI. OROBRANCHACEÆ
- ::: CXVII. LENTIBULARIEÆ
- ::: CXVIII. COLUMELLIACEÆ
- ::: CXIX. GESNERACEÆ
- ::: CXX. BIGNONIACEÆ
- ::: CXXI. PEDALINEÆ
- ::: CXXII. ACANTHACEÆ
- :: COHORS X. LAMIALES
- ::: CXXIII. MYOPORINEÆ
- ::: CXXIV. SELAGINEÆ
- ::: CXXV. VERBENACEÆ
- ::: CXXVI. LABIATÆ
- :: incertae sedis
- ::: CXXVII. PLANTAGINEÆ
- DICOTYLEDONES MONOCHLAMIDEÆ vol III
- :: Series I. Curvembryeæ
- ::: CXXVIII. NYCTAGINEÆ
- ::: CXXIX. ILLECEBRACEÆ
- ::: CXXX. AMARANTACEÆ
- ::: CXXXI. CHENOPODIACEÆ
- ::: CXXXII. PHYTOLACCACEÆ
- ::: CXXXIII. BATIDEÆ
- ::: CXXXIV. POLYGONACEÆ
- :: Series II. Multiovulatæ Aquaticæ
- ::: CXXXV. PODOSTEMONACEÆ
- :: Series III. Multiovulatæ Terrestres
- ::: CXXXVI. NEPENTHACEÆ
- ::: CXXXVII. CYTINACEÆ
- ::: CXXXVIII. ARISTOLOCHIACEÆ
- :: Series IV. Microembryeæ
- ::: CXXXIX. PIPERACEÆ
- ::: CXL. CHLORANTACEÆ
- ::: CXLI. MYRISTICEÆ
- ::: CXLII. MONIMIACEÆ
- :: Series V. Daphnales
- ::: CXLIII. LAURINEÆ
- ::: CXLIV. PROTEACEÆ
- ::: CXLV. THYMELÆACEÆ
- ::: CXLVI. PENÆACEÆ
- ::: CXLVII. ELÆAGNACEÆ
- :: Series VI. Achlamydosporeæ
- ::: CXLVIII. LORANTHACEÆ
- ::: CXLIX. SANTALACEÆ
- ::: CL. BALANOPHOREÆ
- :: Series VII. Unisexuales
- ::: CLI. EUPHORBIACEÆ
- ::: CLII. BALANOPEÆ
- ::: CLIII. URTICACEÆ
- ::: CLIV. PLATANACEÆ
- ::: CLV. LEITNERIEÆ
- ::: CLVI. JUGLANDEÆ
- ::: CLVII. MYRICACEÆ
- ::: CLVIII. CASUARINEÆ
- ::: CLIX. CUPULIFERÆ
- :: Series VIII. Ordines anomali
- ::: CLX. SALICINEÆ
- ::: CLXI. LACISTEMACEÆ
- ::: CLXII. EMPETRACEÆ
- ::: CLXIII. CERATOPHYLLEÆ
- GYMNOSPERMEÆ vol III
- ::: CLXIV. GNETACEÆ
- ::: CLXV. CONIFERÆ
- ::: CLXVI. CYCADACEÆ
Monocotyledons
- Summary pp viii-xi
- MONOCOTYLEDONES vol III p. 448
Series I. Microspermæ p. 448
- ::: CLXVII. HYDROCHARIDEÆp. 448
- ::: CLXVIII. BURMANNIACEÆ
- ::: CLXIX. ORCHIDEÆ p. 460
Series II Epigynæ p. 636
- ::: CLXX. SCITAMINEÆ p. 636
- ::: CLXXI. BROMELIACEÆ p. 657
- ::: CLXXII. HAEMODORACEÆ p. 671
- ::: CLXXIII. IIRIDEÆ p. 681
- ::: CLXXIV. AMARYLLIDEÆ p. 711 5 tribes
- :::: I Tribus Hypoxideae p. 716
- :::: II Tribus Amarylleae p. 718 3 subtribes
- :::: III Tribus Alstroemerieae p. 735
- :::: IV Tribus Agaveae p. 737
- :::: V Tribus Vellosieae p. 739
- ::: CLXXV. TACCACEÆ p. 740
- ::: CLXXVI. DIOSCOREACEÆ p. 741
Series III Coronarieæ p. 746
- ::: CLXXVII. ROXBURGHIACEÆ p. 746
- ::: CLXXVIII. LILIACEÆ p. 748 Schema 748-763
- :::: Tribus I Smilaceae p. 763
- :::: Tribus II Asparageae p. 764
- :::: Tribus III Luzuriageae
- :::: Tribus IV Polygonateae p. 768
- :::: Tribus V Convallariae
- :::: Tribus VI Aspidistreae
- :::: Tribus VII Hemerocalleae
- :::: Tribus VIII Aloineae
- ...
- :::: Tribus X Asphodeleae p. 781 5 subtribes
- :::: Tribus XI Johnsonieae p. 795
- :::: Tribus XII Allieae p. 798 Schema p. 750 4 subtribes
- ::::: Subtribus I Agapantheae p. 798
- ::::: Subtribus II Euallieae p. 798
- ::::: Subtribus III Gilliesieae p. 804
- ::::: Subtribus IV Massonieae p. 806
- :::: Tribus XIII Scilleae p. 807
- :::: Tribus XIV Tulipeae p. 816
- :::: Tribus XV Colchiceae
- ...
- :::: Tribus XX Veratreae p. 834
- ::: CLXXIX. PONTEDERIACEÆ p. 836
- ::: CLXXX. PHILYDRACEÆ p. 840
- ::: CLXXXI. XYRIDEÆ p. 841
- ::: CLXXXII. MAYACEÆ p. 843
- ::: CLXXXIII. COMMELINACEÆ p. 844
- ::: CLXXXIV. RAPATEACEÆ p. 857
Series VI Calycineæ p. 860
- ::: CLXXXV. FLAGELLARIEÆ
- ::: CLXXXVI. JUNCACEÆ
- ::: CLXXXVII. PALMÆ
Series V. Nudifloreæ p. 949
- ::: CLXXXVIII. PANDANEÆ
- ::: CLXXXIX. CYCLANTHACEÆ
- ::: CXC TYPHACEÆ
- ::: CXCI. AROIDEÆ
- ::: CXCII. LEMNACEÆ p. 1000
Series VI. Apocarpæ p.1001
- ::: CXCIII. TRIURIDEÆ
- ::: CXCIV. ALISMACEÆ p. 1003
- ::: CXCV. NAIADACEÆ
Series VII. Glumaceæ">Glumaceae">Glumaceæ p. 1019
- ::: CXCVI. ERIOCAULEÆ
- ::: CXCVII. CENTROLEPIDEÆ p. 1025
- ::: CXCVIII. RESTIACEÆ
- ::: CXCIX. CYPERACEÆ
- ::: CC. GRAMINEÆ