Berkane or is a city in northeastern Morocco, in the area of Trifa, limited by the Mediterranean to its north, the Kiss Oued and Oujda Province in the east, Nador Province to the west, and Taourirt Province in the south. It is the capital of Berkane Province. The city takes its name from the saint Sidi Ahmad Aberkane. The city recorded a population of 109,237 in the 2014 Moroccan census. The inhabitants of Berkane originate primarily from Yat Iznasen, a major tribe which consists of Berber clans. The tribe's descendants are also spread over the rest of eastern Morocco, in cities like Ahfir, Saïdia and Oujda. The eastern dialect of Moroccan Arabic is spoken by most of the citizens, although Amazigh is still spoken by many of the adults. Berkane is considered the capital of the citrusfruit industry of Morocco, and high-quality fresh fruit and vegetables are plentiful year round. It is known for its farms of clementines. Also a large statue of an orange is at the center of town. It is very close to Saïdia, a popular beach resort town on the Mediterranean, as well as Tafoughalt, a small village in the nearby mountains known for its healthy air and herb markets. Berkane is also famous for being the birthplace of the Olympic athlete Hicham El Guerrouj, who holds the world record for the fastest mile. Berkane is a sprawling city centered on Avenue Mohammed V, a commercial and business strip, and boulevard Ibn Sina/Rue Dehb or Alhob, which is lined with many of the most popular cafes and jewelry shops. The city sprawls into the hillsides and connects via bridge to a small neighboring town named Sidi Slimane, giving the impression that it is much larger than the census claims. The name of the city means "black colour" in the Amazigh language.
Recent city
The city of Berkane is considered a agricultural city as a result of the irrigation policy that colonialism followed, starting in the middle of the first half of the twentieth century, in the major irrigated circles. Especially since it is located on one of the richest plains in Morocco, the Tarifa plain. It is true that the emergence of Berkane as a city and its development was linked to the local agricultural wealth. But the administrative leadership of the fledgling city, which abolished the old political entities, whom are Bani Yaznasan tribes, was behind the French political decision in the colonial period to assign the role of direct leadership to Aberkane over the neighboring tribes instead of the decentralized leadership of the Oujda prefecture. The development of the agricultural economy and the improvement of the standard of living in this city have contributed to emptying the tribes from their population and displacing the human weight from the mountain fortress to the open plain. What facilitated the process of military control of the French occupation of the region. The massive influx of workers in the agriculture sector from different Moroccan regions has also disrupted the homogeneous tribal fabric. The area is drowned in a new flood. As the population moved from 368 people in 1917 to 3,600 people in 1936 AD and then doubled in 1947, it reached 7545 people, then it jumped to 20,496 people in 1960, then to 60,490 people in 1982 and 77,026 in 1994. In the year 1996, the city's population was estimated at 82 thousand people. Today, according to the last official census, the population of the Berkane region will reach a total of 289,137 people, that is, an estimated 12.5 percent of the population of the eastern region, with a high density of 145.7 people per square kilometer compared to 25.7 people per square kilometer in relation to the region. With a high urbanization rate of 63.2 percent.
