Bernard Maybeck
Bernard Ralph Maybeck was an American architect in the Arts and Crafts Movement of the early 20th century. He was an instructor at University of California, Berkeley. Most of his major buildings were in the San Francisco Bay Area.
Biography
Maybeck was born in New York City, the son of a German immigrant and studied at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris, France. He moved to Berkeley, California, in 1892. He taught engineering drawing and architectural design at University of California, Berkeley from 1894 to 1903, and acted as a mentor for a number of other important California architects, including Julia Morgan and William Wurster. In 1951, he was awarded the Gold Medal of the American Institute of Architects.Maybeck was equally comfortable producing work in the Mission style and Mission Revival style, Gothic revival, Arts and Crafts style, and Beaux-Arts classicism, believing that each architectural problem required development of an entirely new solution. While working in the office of A. Page Brown in San Francisco, Maybeck probably contributed to the Mission Style California Building at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago and the first Mission Style chair, designed for the San Francisco Swedenborgian Church.
Many of Maybeck's buildings still stand in his long-time home city of Berkeley. The 1910 First Church of Christ, Scientist is designated a National Historic Landmark and is considered one of Maybeck's finest works. A number of his works are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
In 1914, Maybeck oversaw the building of the Maybeck Recital Hall in Berkeley, California. Maybeck also designed the domed Palace of Fine Arts in San Francisco as part of the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition, and for the same fair he carried out his vision of the lumberman's lodge, "House of Hoo Hoo", made of little more than rough-barked tree trunks arranged in delicate harmony. The Palace of Fine Arts was seen as the embodiment of Maybeck's elaboration of how Roman architecture could fit within a California context. Maybeck said that the popular success of the Palace was due to the absence of a roof connecting the rotunda to the art gallery building, along with the absence of windows in the gallery walls and the presence near the rotunda of trees, flowers and a water feature.
One of Maybeck's most interesting office buildings is the home of the Family Service Agency of San Francisco, offices at 1010 Gough Street. This building, constructed in 1928, is on the city's Historic Building Register and still serves as Family Service headquarters. Some of his larger residential projects, most notably a few in the hills of Berkeley, California, have been compared to the ultimate bungalows of the architects Greene and Greene.
Maybeck had many ideas about town planning that he elaborated throughout his career. As a citizen of Berkeley from the 1890s, he was intimately involved in the Hillside Club. His associations and work there helped evolve ideas about hillside communities. Maybeck developed a number of firm beliefs in how civilization and the land should relate to each other. Two overriding principles would be: 1) the primacy of the landscape - geology, flora and fauna were not to be subdued by architecture so much as enhanced by architecture 2) roads should pattern the existing grade and not be an imposition upon it. There were other principles he would elucidate, such as a shared public landscape, but these were key, and helped Berkeley evolve into a paradigm for hillside living that was organic and unique. Maybeck's visions for communities in the East Bay were also a conscientious counterpoint to across the bay where in San Francisco city planning was much more conventional, forced, and regimented into expansive grids of streets. Its grids, imposed in places on very steep grades, resulted in extremely steep streets, sidewalks and urban transitions, some almost comically so.
Maybeck was not doctrinaire however. His views reflected his wide interests and experience. Maybeck would play with more formal Beaux Arts planning principles on less steep grades, as his Palace of Fine Arts and numerous proposals for the University of California, Berkeley campus, San Francisco, and the Loch Lin General Plan for Principia College in Missouri, would reflect.
He also developed a comprehensive town plan for the company town of Brookings, Oregon, a clubhouse at the Bohemian Grove, and many of the buildings on the campus of Principia College in Elsah, Illinois.
A lifetime fascination with drama and the theatre can be seen in much of Maybeck's work. In his spare time, he was known to create costumes, and also designed sets for the amateur productions at Berkeley's Hillside Club.
Bernard Maybeck died in 1957 and is buried in the Mountain View Cemetery in Oakland, California.
Works
Notable works include:- Charles Keeler House & Studio — Maybeck's first private client, Berkeley Hills, Highland Place, North Berkeley, California.
- Swedenborgian Church — 3200 Washington Street at Lyon Street, Pacific Heights, San Francisco, California, NRHP-listed.
- Wyntoon, with architect Julia Morgan — private estate of Phoebe Apperson Hearst−Hearst family, rural Siskiyou County, California.
- Boke House — for George Henry Boke, at 23 Panoramic Way, Panoramic Hill Historic District, Berkeley, California.
- Faculty Club — University of California, Berkeley campus, NRHP-listed.
- Grove Clubhouse−Maybeck Lodge — Bohemian Grove, the Bohemian Club 'campground' on the Russian River, Monte Rio, California.
- Howard B. Gates House — Mission Revival style, at 62 South Thirteenth Street, San Jose, California.
- The Outdoor Art Club — 1 West Blithedale Avenue, Mill Valley, Marin County, California, NRHP-listed.
- Hillside Club — Cedar Street, North Berkeley, a City of Berkeley Landmark.
- Goslinsky Residence — 3233 Pacific Avenue, San Francisco, California
- Roos House — Tudor Revival and other styles, at 3500 Jackson Street at Locust, Pacific Heights, San Francisco, California, NRHP-listed & San Francisco Landmark.
- First Church of Christ, Scientist — 2619 Dwight Way, South Berkeley, Berkeley, California, NRHP-listed
- Rose Walk — public outdoor stairway and landscape, La Loma Park district, North Berkeley, California.
- Chick House — for Guy Hyde Chick, in Chabot Canyon of the Berkeley Hills, at 7133 Chabot Road, Oakland Hills district of Oakland, California.
- Kennedy-Nixon house — 1537 Euclid Avenue, La Loma Park district, North Berkeley, Berkeley, California.
- * Maybeck Recital Hall — part of Kennedy-Nixon house complex, Euclid Avenue at Buena Vista Way, North Berkeley.
- Palace of Fine Arts — Panama-Pacific Exposition building, 3301 Lyon Street, Marina District, San Francisco, California, NRHP-listed.
- Parsons Memorial Lodge — Sierra Club lodge at Tuolumne Meadows, Yosemite National Park, California, NRHP-listed.
- Lynwood Pacific Electric Railway Depot — Lynwood, South Los Angeles region, California.
- Byington Ford House — Pebble Beach, California
- Bernard Maybeck house and studio — architect's own residence and studio, Maybeck Twin Drive, La Loma Park district, North Berkeley, California.
- Phoebe Hearst Gymnasium for Women, with architect Julia Morgan — Oxford Street, University of California, Berkeley campus, NRHP-listed.
- Earle C. Anthony Packard Showroom — Beaux-Arts style, on Van Ness Avenue at Ellis Street, San Francisco, the present day British Motors dealership, San Francisco Landmark.
- Earle C. Anthony House — Medieval, Gothic, Spanish and Tudor Revival elements, at 3431-3441 Waverly Drive, Los Feliz district, Los Angeles, California.
- Earle C. Anthony Packard Showroom, remodel of 1911 Greene and Greene design — on Olympic Boulevard and Hope Street, South Park district of Downtown Los Angeles, the present day Packard Lofts condos.
- Associated Charities of San Francisco Building — 1010 Gough Street at Eddy, San Francisco, the present day Family Service Agency of San Francisco center, San Francisco Landmark.
- Panoramic Hill Historic District — in the Berkeley Hills, in Berkeley and Oakland Hills, Oakland, California, NRHP-listed.
- Principia College Historic District — River Road, Elsah, Illinois, NRHP-listed.
- Professorville Historic District — roughly bounded by Embarcadero Road, Addison Avenue, and Emerson and Cowper Streets, in Palo Alto, California, NRHP-listed.
- Tahoe Meadows Historic District — first planned open space community in Lake Tahoe region, on US 50 between Ski Run Boulevard and Park Avenue, South Lake Tahoe, El Dorado County, California, NRHP-listed.
Selected works
- at the Bohemian Grove
- , The Bancroft Library