Bhumibol Dam


The Bhumibol Dam is a concrete arch dam on the Ping River, a tributary of the Chao Phraya River, in Sam Ngao District of Tak Province, Thailand. It is about north of Bangkok and was built for the purposes of water storage, hydroelectric power production, flood control, fisheries and saltwater intrusion management. The dam was named after King Bhumibol Adulyadej and it was Thailand's first multi-purpose project. It is the highest dam in Thailand at tall.

Background

The dam was originally called Yanhee Dam in 1951 when the government of prime minister Field Marshal Plaek Pibulsongkram initiated the project. It was renamed Bhumibol Dam in 1957.
The dam, among others in the Chao Phraya basin, was constructed beginning in the 1950s to exploit the agricultural and hydroelectric potential of the basin. Construction on the dam began in 1958 and was finished in 1964 at a cost of 3.5 billion baht. The reservoir was completely filled in 1970. The first two generators were commissioned in 1964. In 1972, the Sirikit Dam was completed on the Nan River, one of two major tributaries of the Chao Phraya including the Ping. The Bhumibol and Sirikit Dams control 22 percent of the Chao Phraya's annual runoff combined. Both dams also help provide for the irrigation of in the wet season and in the dry season.
In 1991, the Lower Mae Ping Dam was constructed downstream to create a lower reservoir for the one pumped-storage turbine that was installed. When constructed, the Bhumibol Dam contributed 73.66 percent of Thailand's power generation and in 2003 that number was 2 percent.
During the 2011 Thailand floods, rainfall for March 2011 over the area of northern Thailand was an extraordinary 344 percent above normal. Bhumibol Dam in particular got of rain, above the mean of and since 1 January had accumulated, or 186 percent above normal.

Design

The dam is an arch-gravity type and is tall, long and wide at its crest. It withholds a reservoir of of which is active or "useful" storage. The dam's catchment area is
while its surface area is. The Lower Mae Ping Dam is high, long and has a storage capacity of. In off-peak hours, the one pump-turbine returns water back into the Bhumibol reservoir and when demand is high, the pump serves as a generator for power production.

Power station

The power plant contains eight turbines for an installed capacity of. Six are Francis-type, one is a Pelton turbine and one is a Francis pump-turbine.
The dam's power house underwent upgrades and renovations in the 1990s.