The Bight of Benin or Bay of Benin is a bight in the Gulf of Guinea area on the western African coast.
Geography
It extends eastward for about from Cape St. Paul to the Nun outlet of the Niger River. To the east it continues by the Bight of Bonny. The Republic of Benin and this bight were both named after the Kingdom of Benin. Historical associations with the Atlantic slave trade led to the region becoming known as the Slave Coast. As in many other regions across Africa, powerful indigenous kingdoms along the Bight of Benin relied heavily on a long established slave trade that expanded greatly after the arrival of European powers and became a global trade with the colonization of the Americas. Estimates from the 1640s suggest that Benin took in 1200 slaves a year. Restrictions made it hard for slave volume to grow until new states and different routes began to make an increase in slave trade possible.
Cultural references
The Bight of Benin has a long association with slavery, its shore being known as the Slave Coast. An old rhyme says: A variation goes: This is said to be a slavery jingle or sea shanty about the risk of malariain the Bight. A third version of the couplet is: In R. Austin Freeman’s 1927 novel A Certain Dr. Thorndyke, Chapter II, "The Legatee," mention is made of this location. The scene is the Gold Coast colony in Africa where the character Larkom asks, "How does the old mariners’ ditty run? You remember it. 'Oh, the Bight of Benin, the Bight of Benin, One comes out where three go in.'" Life expectancy was short in this locale due to the prevalence of Blackwater fever. The author Philip McCutchan has written a book titled Beware, beware the Bight of Benin. A short story by Elizabeth Coatsworth, "The Forgotten Island", deals with a treasure from Benin. A variation of the rhyme is also mentioned. Flash For Freedom!, George MacDonald Fraser's 1971 picaresque novel of Harry Flashman's misadventures in—among other places and situations—an English stately home, the 1840s slave trade, antebellum plantation life, and meeting with then-congressman Abraham Lincoln, quotes another variant of the couplet: Oh, sailor beware of the Bight o' Benin. There's one as comes out for a hundred goes in. In Patrick O'Brian's novel The Commodore, Dr. Maturin recites the rhyme when he learned of his ship's destination. Commodore Aubrey checks him, telling him it is bad luck to say that out loud on the way in. The rhyme is also partially quoted in chapter Context of John Brunner's novel Stand on Zanzibar. The Bight of Benin is mentioned throughout the novel. David Bramhall's series of novels "The Greatest Cape" also mentions the rhyme, one of the characters in the first volume, The Black Joke, having been a pirate and a slaver. In 2007, a collection of short stories entitled The Bight of Benin: Short Fiction by Kelly J. Morris was published by AtacoraPress.com. The stories are set in Ghana, Togo, Benin and Nigeria.
History
On 1 February 1852 the British established the Bight of Benin British protectorate, under the authority of Consuls of the Bight of Benin: the republic of Benin and Bight of Benin were named after the Great Benin Empire extending eastward from Cape St. Paul to the Nun outlet of River Niger.
On 6 August 1861 the Bight of Biafra protectorate and Bight of Benin protectorate were joined as a united British protectorate, ultimately to be merged into Nigeria.
