Biodiversity of Colombia
Colombia is the country with the second-highest biodiversity in the world, behind Brazil. As of 2016, 56,343 species are registered in Colombia, of which 9,153 are endemic. The country occupies the first position worldwide in number of orchids and birds, second position in plants, amphibians, butterflies and fresh water fish, third place in species of palm trees and reptiles and globally holds the fourth position in biodiversity of mammals.
The country hosts 59 nationally designated protected areas. At the establishment of the as of 2017 most recent addition, Bahía Portete – Kaurrele National Natural Park, Colombian president Juan Manuel Santos said "The biodiversity is to Colombia, what oil is for the Arabs".
According to a report by the WWF, half of Colombia's ecosystems are in a critical state of deterioration or in a state of danger. The organization said that environmental degradation is due to oil extraction, mineral and metal extraction and deforestation. Deteriorating ecosystems are threatening the existence of more than a third of Colombia's plants and 50 percent of its animals.
Description
Colombia is one of seventeen megadiverse countries in the world. The country in northwestern South America contains 311 types of coastal and continental ecosystems. As of 2016, a total of between 56,343 and 56,724 species are registered in the country, with 9153 endemic species. Colombia is the country with the most páramos in the world; more than 60% of the Andean ecosystem is found within Colombian territories. Boyacá is the department where 18.3% of the national total area is located. Since December 20, 2014, Colombia hosts 59 protected areas. The biodiversity is highest in the Andean natural region, followed by the Amazon natural region. Since 1998, the Humboldt Institute for Biological Resources in the country has been collecting samples of biodiversity. As of 2014, 16,469 samples, representing around 2530 species from 1289 genera, and 323 families of the Colombian biodiversity have been stored in their archives.The biodiversity of Colombia is at risk, mainly because of habitat loss, urbanisation, deforestation and overfishing. According to a study of 2001, of forested area is lost every year. Around 1200 species are critically endangered, and 922 species are introduced in Colombia, 22 of which are classified as invasive species in Colombia. Various plans to address the environmental issues are proposed. The National System of Protected Areas is the administrator of protected areas.
Biodiversity in numbers
To commemorate the biodiversity of Colombia, the coins of the Colombian peso introduced in 2012 feature a species each.Natural regions
Colombia is divided into six natural regions.Caribbean natural region
Andean natural region
Orinoquía natural region
Amazon natural region
Pacific/Chocó natural region
Insular natural region
Biodiversity hotspots
Colombia hosts two biodiversity hotspots; the Tropical Andes and Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena. The country is part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves with five biosphere reserves:| Name | Since | First review | Second review | Image | Notes |
| Cinturón Andino | 1979 | 2001 | 2011 | ||
| El Tuparro | 1979 | 2001 | 2011 | ||
| Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta | 1979 | 2001 | 2011 | ||
| Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta | 2000 | 2011 | |||
| Seaflower | 2000 | 2011 |