The term likely originated in England, where consumers have blended different beers since at least the seventeenth century. The name "black and tan" had earlier been used to describe the coats of dogs, such as the black and tan coon-hound. The earliest recorded usage of the term in the drink context is from 1881, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, in the American magazinePuck. The first recorded British use of the term to describe a drink is from 1889. Up until the 1980s a version of the black and tan drink was a mix of ale and stout and after it was promoted as a layered drink. The tradition of blending beers can be traced to London during the 1700s where beer blends or “three-threads and “five-threads were consumed. Each thread was a beer type that was blended into a drink. Three threads was a form of mixed beer alehouse's sold to avoid paying a higher tax on beer. By taking a strong beer taxed at a higher rate and mixing it with a small beer taxed at a lower-rate afforded brewers a profit. This practice continued from the late 1690s to 1700s. It is reported and debated that Three-Threads is the reason that Stout and or Porters were developed.
Preparation
A Black and Tan is prepared by filling a glass halfway with pale ale, then adding stout to fill the glass completely. An upside-down tablespoon may be placed over the glass to avoid splashing and mixing the layers. A specially designed black-and-tan spoon is bent in the middle so that it can balance on the edge of the pint-glass for easier pouring. Alternatively, the stout may be poured first so that the drinks are thoroughly mixed together. The "layering" of Guinnesson top of the pale ale or lager is possible because of the lower relative density of the Guinness. The opposite scenario would produce a buoyancy instability resulting in the two beers mixing. Several American breweries currently make premixed Black and Tan, for example Yuengling's Original Black and Tan.
Controversy
The name "Black and Tan" is not used in Ireland as a term for a mixture of two beers. The drink is instead referred to as a half and half. Indeed, the drink has image problems in Ireland and elsewhere due to the association with the Royal Irish Constabulary Reserve Force, nicknamed the "Black and Tans", which was sent into Ireland in the early 1920s. As a result, in Ireland the name is seen as contentious and disrespectful. In March 2006, Ben and Jerry's released an ice cream flavour in the United States for Saint Patrick's Day inspired by the drink; the name offended Irish nationalists because of the paramilitary association. Ben and Jerry's has since apologised. A spokesman told Reuters, "Any reference on our part to the British Army unit was absolutely unintentional and no ill will was ever intended." In March 2012, the drink's name once more came into the news when Nike, as part of an Irish themed set of designs, released a pair of shoes advertised as the "Black and Tan" and generating offence similar to the earlier Ben and Jerry's ice cream.
