Blairism
In British politics, Blairism is the political ideology of the former leader of the Labour Party and Prime Minister Tony Blair and those that follow him. It entered the New Penguin English Dictionary in 2000. Proponents of Blairism are referred to as Blairites.
Ideology
Politically, Blair has been identified with record investment into public services, an interventionist and Atlanticist foreign policy, support for stronger law enforcement powers, a large focus on surveillance as a means to address terrorism and a large focus on education as a means to encourage social mobility. In the early years, Blairism was also associated with support for European integration and particularly British participation in the European single currency, though this waned after Labour took office.The term is used in particular in contrast to Brownite, to identify those within the Labour Party who supported Gordon Brown rather than Blair. However, with Blair and Brown typically in agreement on most political issues, some commentators have noted that "the difference between Brownites and Blairites is more tribal than ideological". This is believed to stem from a personal disagreement between Blair and Brown over who should run for the leadership following the death of John Smith in 1994. Though Brown was originally considered the senior of the two, he waited until after Smith's funeral to begin campaigning, by which point Blair had gathered too much momentum to be defeated. However, in his book Whatever it Takes, Steve Richards offered an alternate view: that there were significant disagreements between the two about relative poverty, the level of public spending and the potential for choice in public services.
There has been a great deal of discussion in British politics about the Blairite legacy. This intensified after September 2006, when Blair announced his intention to resign within one year and especially since May 2007 when he said he would resign as Prime Minister on 27 June 2007. Some have even speculated that if the Blairite coalition is to be seen as essentially one of pro-market anti-Conservatives, the Liberal Democrats could even be its ultimate inheritors.
In a 1999 article, the news magazine The Economist stated:
Blair's tenure is known for an expansion of LGBT rights, such as the introduction of legal civil partnerships. Blair himself has told the LGBT organisation Stonewall that "what has happened is that the culture of the country has changed in a definable way" and that "it's a thing that doesn't just give me a lot of pride, but it has actually brought a lot of joy". Blair has also claimed to have got up off his seat and danced upon seeing the first civil partnership ceremonies on television.
Relationship to prior administrations
The Daily Telegraph stated in April 2008 that Blair's programme, with its emphasis on "New Labour", accepted the free-market ideology of Thatcherism. The article cited deregulation, privatisation of key national industries, maintaining a flexible labour market, marginalising the role of trade unions and devolving government decision making to local authorities as evidence.In the BBC Four documentary film Tory! Tory! Tory!, Blair is described as personally admiring Margaret Thatcher deeply and making the decision that she would be the first outside person he formally invited to visit him in 10 Downing Street.
Former Conservative Prime Minister John Major, who Blair defeated in a landslide at the 1997 general election; was one of the original figures behind the Northern Ireland peace process that Blair continued and both of them campaigned together in support of the Good Friday Agreement.
Blair privately called Thatcher "unhinged", a description that later became public knowledge. Blair criticised the Thatcher government's record on poverty and made that a key issue for Labour economic policy. He made the goal to eradicate child poverty in Britain within 20 years based on the fact that one-third of British children were in poverty post-Thatcher compared to the 9% rate in 1979.
Blair also abolished Section 28 and created more pro-European initiatives compared to Thatcher. Blair was criticised by various Thatcherites such as: John Redwood, Norman Tebbit and William Hague.
In his autobiography published in 2010, titled A Journey, Blair remarked:
Relationship to later administrations
succeeded Blair as Prime Minister after Brown's long tenure as the Chancellor of the Exchequer. Although viewed in the media as somewhat personally close, Blair later wrote in his autobiography A Journey that a "maddening" Brown effectively blackmailed him while he was in 10 Downing Street. Blair accused Brown of orchestrating the investigation into the cash-for-honours scandal and stated that the personal animosity was so strong that it led him to frequent drinking, a big change for Blair. Blair also has told journalist Andrew Marr that as their years working together went on, co-operation become "hard going on impossible".As stated before, both men had similar positions on actual issues and government policies. To the extent that they felt divided, it came mostly from differences in personality, background and managing style.
Blairites
Other than Blair himself, the following prominent Labour politicians are often considered Blairites, but may not identify themselves as such:- Andrew Adonis – former Shadow Minister for Infrastructure and Economic Delivery and former Transport Secretary
- Valerie Amos – Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, British High Commissioner to Australia and the first black woman to serve in the Cabinet
- Hilary Armstrong – former Minister for the Cabinet Office and Chief Whip
- Hazel Blears – former Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government
- David Blunkett – former Home Secretary
- Stephen Byers – former Secretary of State for Transport, Local Government and the Regions and former MP
- Ben Bradshaw – former Culture Secretary
- Liam Byrne – former shadow Work and Pensions Secretary.
- Charles Clarke – former Home Secretary and former MP who lost his seat at the 2010 general election
- Charles Falconer – former Lord Chancellor
- Caroline Flint – former Shadow Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change
- Tom Harris – former MP
- Patricia Hewitt – former Secretary of State for Health and former MP
- Margaret Hodge – former chair of the Public Accounts Committee
- Geoff Hoon – former Secretary of State for Defence
- Tristram Hunt – former MP for Stoke-on-Trent Central
- John Hutton – former Secretary of State for Defence, MP and head of a commission into public sector pensions for the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition
- Tessa Jowell – former Culture Secretary
- Alan Johnson – former Home Secretary
- Sally Keeble – former MP for Northampton North
- Ruth Kelly – former Cabinet minister and economist
- Liz Kendall – MP for Leicester West and 2015 Labour Party leadership candidate
- Oona King – Former MP for Bethnal Green and Bow who lost her seat to George Galloway and the defeated candidate to be Labour's candidate for the Mayoralty of London
- Peter Mandelson –former First Secretary of State and spin doctor
- Alan Milburn – Former Secretary of State for Health, MP and Social Mobility Tsar under the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition.
- David Miliband – Former Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs and defeated 2010 Labour Party leadership candidate
- Estelle Morris – former Secretary of State for Education and currently a peer
- Sally Morgan – former director of Government Relations, Minister for Women and chair of Ofsted
- Jim Murphy – Former Secretary of State for Scotland and Leader of the Scottish Labour Party 2014-15.
- James Purnell – former Secretary of State for Work and Pensions and chairman of the IPPR
- John Reid – former Home Secretary
- Jacqui Smith – former Home Secretary and candidate to be BBC vice chairman
Footnotes