Braising


Braising is a combination-cooking method that uses both wet and dry heats: typically, the food is first sautéed or seared at a high temperature, then finished in a covered pot at a lower temperature while sitting in some amount of liquid. Braising of meat is often referred to as pot roasting, though some authors make a distinction between the two methods, based on whether additional liquid is added.

Method

Braising relies on heat, time, and moisture to break down the tough connective tissue that binds together the muscle fibers collectively called "meat", making it an ideal way to cook tougher, more affordable cuts. Many classic braised dishes are highly evolved methods of cooking tough and otherwise unpalatable foods. Both pressure cooking and slow cooking are forms of braising.

Techniques

Most braises follow the same basic steps. The food to be braised is first pan-seared to brown its surface and enhance its flavor. If the food will not produce enough liquid of its own, a certain amount of cooking liquid that often includes an acidic element is added to the pot, often with stock. A classic braise is done with a relatively whole cut of meat, and the braising liquid will cover two-thirds of the food in the pan. The dish is then covered and cooked at a very low simmer until the meat becomes so tender that it can be "cut" with just the gentlest of pressure from a fork. Often the cooking liquid is finished to create a sauce or gravy as well.
Sometimes foods with high water content can be cooked in their own juices, making the addition of liquid unnecessary.
A successful braise intermingles the flavors of the foods being cooked with those of the cooking liquid. This cooking method dissolves the meat's collagen into gelatin, which can greatly enrich and thicken the liquid. Braising is economical, and efficient.

Braised foods

Familiar braised dishes include pot roast, Swiss steak, chicken cacciatore, goulash, Carbonade Flamande, coq au vin, sauerbraten, beef bourguignon, beef brisket, oxtail, and tajines, among others. Braising is also used extensively in the cuisines of Asia, particularly Chinese cuisine and Vietnamese cuisine, where soy sauce is often the braising liquid.