Breakfast television
Breakfast television or morning show is a type of infotainment television program, which broadcasts live in the morning. Often hosted by a small team of hosts, these types of programs are typically targeted at the combined demographic of people getting ready for work and school, and stay-at-home adults and parents.
The first – and longest-running – national breakfast/morning show on television is Today, which set the tone for the genre and premiered on 14 January 1952, on NBC in the United States. For the next 60 years, Today was the No. 1 morning program in the ratings for the vast majority of its run and since its start, many other television stations and networks around the world have followed NBC's lead, copying that program's successful format.
Format and style
Breakfast television/morning show programs are geared toward popular and demographic appeal. The first half of a morning program is typically targeted at those preparing to commute to work with a focus on hard news segments; often featuring updates on major stories that occurred overnight or during the previous day, political news and interviews, reports on business and sport-related headlines, weather forecasts, and traffic reports. During the early morning hours, local anchors will mention the current time – sometimes, along with the current temperature – in various spots during the newscast, while national anchors will mention the current time as "xx" minutes after the hour or before the hour; the time and/or temperature are also usually displayed within the station or programme's on-screen logo bug during most segments within the broadcast. Especially with their universal expansion to cable news outlets in the early 2000s, many news-oriented morning shows also incorporate news tickers showing local, national and/or international headlines; weather forecasts; sport scores; and, in some jurisdictions where one operates, lottery numbers from the previous drawing day during the broadcast.Later in the program, segments will typically begin to target a dominantly female demographic with a focus on "soft news", such as human-interest, lifestyle and entertainment stories. Many local or regional morning shows feature field reports highlighting local events and/or businesses, in addition to those involving stories that occurred during the overnight or expected to happen in the coming day.
Morning programs that air across national networks may offer a break for local stations or affiliates to air a brief news update segment during the show, which typically consists of a recap of major local news headlines, along with weather and, in some areas, traffic reports. In the United States, some morning shows also allow local affiliates to incorporate a short local forecast into a national weather segment – a list of forecasts for major U.S. cities are typically shown on affiliates which do not produce such a "cut-in" segment.
The three breakfast morning shows in the United States air live only in the Eastern Time Zone. Stations in the remaining time zones receive these programs on a tape delay. In the event of an urgent catastrophic news story, these shows will go live coast-to-coast. They have also gone live for special events such as presidential inaugurations and coverage of royal weddings.
History
United States
The first morning news program was Three To Get Ready, a local production hosted by comedian Ernie Kovacs that aired on WPTZ in Philadelphia from 1950 to 1952. Although the program was mostly entertainment-oriented, the program did feature some news and weather segments. Its success prompted NBC to look at producing something similar on a national basis. Following the lead of NBC's Today, which debuted in January 1952, and was the first morning news program to be aired nationally, many other broadcast stations and television networks around the world followed and imitated that program's enormously successful format with news, lifestyle features, and personality.CBS, in contrast, has struggled since television's early age to maintain a long-term morning program. Though it initially tried to mimic Today when it debuted a morning show in a two-hour format in 1954, the show was reduced to one hour within a year in order to make room for the new children's television series Captain Kangaroo. The network abandoned the morning show in 1957. From the late 1960s throughout the 1970s, the CBS Morning News aired as a straight one-hour morning newscast that had a high rate of turnover among its anchors. In January 1979, the network launched the innovative "___day Morning" series, which focused more on lifestyle and feature reports; this format, however, was relegated exclusively to Sundays after two years, and still airs under the title CBS News Sunday Morning. It was not until 1982 that Captain Kangaroo ended its run on weekdays, allowing CBS to expand its morning show to a full two hours. However, the high rate of turnover among anchors returned. An ill-fated comedic revamp of the show, The Morning Program, debuted in 1987. After that, however, came This Morning, which has so far had the longest run of any of CBS' morning show attempts. This Morning was eventually cancelled 12 years later, being replaced by The Early Show in 1999; The Early Show, in turn, ceded to the new version of CBS This Morning in January 2012.
ABC was a latecomer to the morning show competition. Instead of carrying a national show, it instead adopted the AM franchise introduced by many of its local stations in 1970. KABC-TV's AM Los Angeles launched the national career of Regis Philbin and was a direct predecessor to his syndicated talk show Live! AM Chicago on WLS-TV would later evolve into The Oprah Winfrey Show. The Morning Exchange on WEWS was Cleveland's entry into the franchise; with its light format, ABC launched a national program based closely on the format of The Morning Exchange in November 1975 under the title Good Morning America. GMA has traditionally run in second place, but has surpassed Today in the ratings a few times in its history. Since the 1980s, Live! has been produced and distributed by ABC's syndication arm, primarily for ABC stations, but produced by ABC's New York City owned-and-operated station, WABC-TV.
PBS, the United States's primary publicly funded broadcast network, has historically aired children's programming and Lilias Folan's yoga workout programs during the morning hours. From 1974 to 1995, PBS, through its affiliate Maryland Public Television, offered A.M. Weather, a 15-minute weather update staffed by the National Weather Service.
Fox, the last of the "Big Four" broadcast networks, does not have a morning show and has only once attempted such a program; the network attempted to transition sister cable network FX's Breakfast Time to Fox as Fox After Breakfast in 1996, to little success, but instead has ceded to its local affiliates and owned stations, which have programmed fully local morning news programs that are at parity or have overtaken their Big Three network counterparts.
The CW carried The Daily Buzz for its small-market cable- and multicast-only affiliate group from 2002 to 2014, in lieu of a national program; that program was also mainly syndicated to affiliates of The CW and MyNetworkTV as well as several independent stations until its abrupt cancellation in April 2015. Generally since then, outside of a few select CW and MyNetworkTV affiliates, stations usually program paid programming, a local extension of a Big Three sister station's morning newscast during national morning shows, or as Sinclair Broadcast Group has done since July 2017, returned to programming for children under the KidsClick block.
A few of the major Spanish language broadcast networks also produce morning shows, which are often more festive in format. ¡Despierta América! is the longest-running Spanish language morning program on U.S. network television having aired on Univision since April 1997; Telemundo made several failed attempts at hard news and traditional morning shows during the 1990s and 2000s before it finally experienced success with Un Nuevo Día, which launched in 2008 under the title ¡Levántate!, and became a formidable competitor to its longer established rival following a 2011 format retooling.
Cable news outlets have adopted the morning show format as well. Fox & Friends on Fox News Channel, Early Start and New Day on CNN respectively follow the networks' morning show format. MSNBC's Morning Joe follows a format more reminiscent of talk radio and incorporates panel discussions; it is also the only conservative show in the network's otherwise liberal-leaning lineup. Also following the "talk radio on TV" format is Fox Business Network's Imus in the Morning, ESPN2's Golic and Wingo, CBS Sports Network's The Morning Show with Boomer, and NFL Network's Good Morning Football. The Weather Channel originally has long featured forecast programs with a primary emphasis on business travelers and work commuters ; however with its shift toward a mix of weather and infotainment programs, it has begun featuring personality-driven morning shows: currently Wake Up With Al and America's Morning Headquarters.
Entertainment channels such as VH1 and E! have also aired morning shows. NBCSN briefly aired a highlight-intensive morning show, The 'Lights, with virtually no conversation and consisting only of highlights and scores of daytime and evening sporting events that occurred the previous day. ESPN's morning programming is branded, like all of its news programs, as SportsCenter.
Local television stations began producing their own morning shows in the 1970s, most of which mirrored the format of their network counterparts, mixing news and weather segments with talk and lifestyle features; stations in many mid-sized and smaller markets with heavy rural populations also produced farm reports, featuring stories about people and events in rural communities, mercantile exchange data from the previous day and weather forecasts tailored to farmers. More traditional local newscasts began taking hold in morning timeslots in the late 1980s and early 1990s. These programs began as half-hour or one-hour local newscasts that aired immediately before the national shows. However, since that time, they have slowly expanded, either by pushing an earlier start time or by adding additional hours on other stations that are owned, managed or which outsource their local news content to that station, thereby competing with the network shows. Similarly, following the launch of Fox in the late 1980s, many news-producing stations affiliated with major networks not among the traditional "Big Three" or which operate as independent stations began producing morning newscasts that compete in part with national counterparts in part or the entirety of the 7 to 9am time period; by the late 2000s, these stations began to expand their morning shows into the 9am hour.
Beginning in the early 2010s, stations began experimenting with 4:30am and even 4am newscasts in some major markets, pushing local news further into what traditionally is known as an overnight graveyard slot. Some local morning newscasts, which formerly had both softer "morning" musical and graphical packages and lighter news, along with feature segments with local businesses and organizations, now resemble their later-day counterparts with hard news coverage of overnight events. Some locally produced morning shows that utilize a mainly infotainment format still exist, most prominently among some large and mid-market stations owned by the E. W. Scripps Company and Tegna Media, and often serving as lead-outs of national network morning shows.
United Kingdom
Television broadcasting hours in the United Kingdom until early 1972 was tightly regulated and controlled by the British government under the control of the "Postmaster General". Restrictions were placed on how many hours per day could be used by broadcasters for television. By the mid-1960s this was allocated at 7 hours per day and 7.5 hours per day, thus providing a 50-hour broadcasting limit per week. Certain programming was exempt from these restrictions however there was no allocated time provided for the establishment of breakfast television until the early 1970s.In January 1972, under the then Conservative government, the Minister for Posts and Telecommunications, Christopher Chataway announced to the British parliament all restrictions imposed would be lifted and broadcasting hours per day could now be set by the individual broadcaster. By October 1972, both BBC and ITV were provided daytime television, with the commercial channel ITV taking full advantage of the relaxed broadcasting hours.
However, due to financial issues and the economic problems of the 1970s, breakfast television was put "on the back burner" for the remainder of 1970s.
In the United Kingdom, breakfast television typically runs from 6am to 9:15 or 9:25am.
After a nine-week trial-run in 1977 on the regional television station Yorkshire Television, the Independent Broadcasting Authority considered breakfast television so important that it created an entire franchise for the genre, becoming the only national independent television franchise other than news service ITN. This franchise was awarded to TV-am, a breakfast-television station. However, launch delays for TV-am allowed the BBC to launch its own morning programme, Breakfast Time on 17 January 1983. TV-am, with Good Morning Britain as its flagship programme, launched just two weeks later on 1 February. TV-am struggled at first because of a format that was considered to be stodgy and formal compared to the more relaxed magazine style of the BBC's Breakfast Time, and a reliance on advertising income from a timeslot during which people were not accustomed to watching television. However, it eventually flourished only to lose its licence in 1993, after being outbid by GMTV.
In 2010, ITV plc, which by then owned 75% of GMTV, acquired the remaining 25% stake that The Walt Disney Company had owned, gaining full control of the station. In September 2010, the full legal name was changed from "GMTV Limited" to "ITV Breakfast Limited", with GMTV closing on 3 September and Daybreak and Lorraine launching on 6 September 2010. ITV experienced major trouble with the slot as well; Daybreak was eventually cancelled in 2014 due to low ratings and was replaced by Good Morning Britain on 28 April 2014. The series continues to trail BBC Breakfast consistently and has marketed with the traditional Today format mixed with political debates. One of the co-hosts is Piers Morgan, and the programme uses his notoriety as a marketing point, to middling success.
List of morning television shows
The following is a country-ordered list of breakfast television and morning show programs, past and present, with indication of a program's producing network or channel:Albania
Argentina
Australia
Current
Former
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Brazil
Brunei
Canada
Current
Global morning newscasts
All Global stations, with the exceptions of Global Okanagan and Global Lethbridge, air their own local morning shows titled Global News Morning. In May 2015, Global made changes to their Morning News programs east of Alberta; instead of the entire show being anchored locally, 16 minutes of each hour is anchored in Toronto for national and international news stories. Each Morning News program starts at 6 a.m. and ends at 9 a.m., with the exception of Global BC, Global Calgary, and Global Edmonton, which start their broadcasts at 5 a.m.. These three stations also air weekend editions of Morning News which start at 7 a.m. and end at 10 a.m. on Saturdays and Sundays. In 2013, Global Toronto's The Morning Show was extended by half an hour. The additional half-hour is broadcast on every Global station at 9 a.m..Former
Chile
Current
Several regional morning shows also exist on Chilean television.Former
China
Colombia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
Fiji
France
Current
Former
Germany
Current
Former
Greece
Current
Former
Hong Kong
Hungary
Current
Former
| Programme | Duration | Network |
| 8:08 – Minden reggel | 2013–2016 | RTL Klub |
| A Reggel | 1991–1993 | M1 |
| Jó reggelt, Magyarország! | 1997–2004 | TV2 |
| Napkelte | 1991–1993, 2002–2009 | M2 |
| Napkelte | 1993–1999, 2002–2009 | M1 |
| Napkelte | 1999–2000 | TV3 |
| Napkelte | 2000–2002 | Magyar ATV |
| Ma reggel | 2009–2012 | M2 |
| Reggel a Dunán | −2010 | Duna TV |
| Reggeli Jam | 2008–2011 | ATV |
| Szabadság tér | 1999–2000 | M1 |
| Naprakész | 2000–2002 | M1 |
| Reggeli Járat | 2003–2007, 2015–2018 | Hír TV |
| Jó reggelt! | 2018–2019 | Echo TV |
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Most of these programs are hard news in format. Some of them, especially the news-oriented network, has two morning news programmes - while the first with a hard news format airing as early as 04:30 am WIB, the latter are the talk show format. Recently there are some new breakfast television-like shows, but mostly emphasizing hard news.Current
Former
Ireland
Current
Former
Israel
Current
Former
Italy
Current
Former
Japan
Kosovo
Laos
Latvia
Lithuania
Labas rytas, LietuvaMalaysia
Current
Former
Malta
Mexico
Montenegro
Morocco
Current
Netherlands
Current
Former
New Zealand
Current
Former
Norway
Current
Former
Pakistan
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Current
Former
Poland
Current
Former
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Romania
Russia
Current
Former
Serbia
Singapore
Current
Former
Slovakia
Former
Slovenia
Former
[South Korea]
Current
Former
Spain
Current
Former
Sri Lanka
Sweden
Former
Thailand
Current
Former
Trinidad and Tobago
United Kingdom
Current
Former
United States
Current
Locally produced programs featuring a franchise title on affiliates of Fox, the CW, MyNetworkTV, independent stations and associated Big Three television networks :- Good Day – Fox's local morning news show format is used by both stations that are either owned-and-operated or affiliated with the network. The program may have a different name in several markets, but the format is the same from market to market.
- Good Morning – used by local ABC affiliates to complement Good Morning America.
- * An earlier variant is A.M. , which was later adapted by ABC for AM America, a short-lived morning show that aired on the network for eleven months in 1975 before it chose to adapt Cleveland affiliate WEWS' local program The Morning Exchange into the future national format for Good Morning America. The 1980s PBS program A.M. Weather also used the same title form.
- Morning News – The defunct Tribune Broadcasting's local morning news show format usually seen on the company's Fox- and CW-affiliated stations, though this format has also been used on Fox and CW stations – as well as a few ABC, CBS and NBC stations – not owned by Tribune under a more generic title form. Tribune was purchased by Nexstar Media Group in 2019, with WPIX sold to Scripps at the same time, though no changes are expected to any of those programs or their titling.
- This Morning – used primarily on CBS owned-and-operated stations and affiliates. It has been used by CBS stations for their newscasts since prior to the 1999 cancellation of the first incarnation of CBS This Morning; the name and format has also been sporadically used on non-CBS affiliates. Some CBS stations renamed their program to The Early Show to match the national title of CBS's 1999–2012 morning program.
- Today in or Today – used by NBC affiliates to complement Today ; Fox affiliate WSVN in Miami brands its morning newscast Today in Florida, that station has used the title since 1988 when it was an NBC affiliate, even after the morning newscast on the market's NBC O&O WTVJ began to use the similar title Today in South Florida. Similarly, sister station WHDH in Boston retained its morning show title Today in New England despite losing their NBC affiliation at the start of 2017; replacement NBC O&O station WBTS-CD uses the title NBC Boston Today.
- Wake Up – also used primarily on CBS affiliates, often with the city name after it. In the example of WITI's Fox 6 WakeUp News noted above, that station has used the title since 1992 when it was a CBS affiliate, with the program adapting to the Fox local morning format after 1995.
- Several stations throughout the United States use their own title forms to reflect their local character; for instance, KLFY-TV in Lafayette, Louisiana titles their morning show as Passe Partout to reflect the area's Cajun/Creole roots.
Former
Uruguay
Venezuela
Vietnam
Current
| Programme | Run | Network |
| Cà phê sáng với VTV3 | 2011–present | VTV3 |
| Chào buổi sáng | 1995–present | VTV1 |
| Nhịp đập 360 độ thể thao | 2007–present | VTV3 |
| Tài chính Kinh doanh | 2011–present | VTV1 |
| Cuộc sống 24h | 2010–present | VTC1, VTC14 |
| Cafe ngày mới | 2018–present | VTC9 |
| Nhịp sống hôm nay | 2019–present | SCTV4 |
| Tin buổi sáng | 2000s - present | HTV9 |
| 60 giây | 2016–present | HTV7, HTV9 |
| Người đưa tin 24h | 2017–present | THVL |
Former
| Programme | Run | Network |
| Bản tin sáng | 2014 - 2015 | VTC1 |
| Giai điệu ngày mới | 2007 - 2011 | VTC1 |
| Let's Cà phê | 2008 - 2019 | VTC9, SCTV4 |