Bregaglia


Bregaglia is a municipality in the Maloja Region in the canton of Grisons in Switzerland. It was formed by the 2010 merger of the municipalities of Bondo, Castasegna, Soglio, Stampa and Vicosoprano, all located in the Val Bregaglia.

History

Bondo

Under the Carolingian dynasty Bondo belonged to the Ministerium Bergallia, which was a dependant of the early Bishops of Chur, though after 960 it was owned directly by the Bishop. The valley church of S. Maria at Castelmur is first mentioned in 988, while the village church for Bondo, S. Martino, was consecrated in 1250. During the High Middle Ages Bondo was part of several villages that were collectively known as di là dell'acqua, which were part of the district of Sotto Porta/Unterporta. In 1367 Bondo, together with the rest of Sotto Porta/Unterporta, joined the League of God's House. In 1380 it was first mentioned under the name of Bondo. In German it was also known as Bundth while in Romansh it was known as Buond.
In 1552 the Protestant Reformation reached the village. During the 16th century some of the population left Bondo to Italy, and later to eastern Europe. This trend has continued into the 20th century, except many now leave for northern Graubünden or the rest of Switzerland.
During the Thirty Years' War the Three Leagues were rocked by the Bündner Wirren or Confusion of the Leagues, as the decentralized leagues fought each other over religion and politics. In 1621, during the Confusion, Spanish troops burned the entire town to the ground, destroying about 248 structures. The town was rebuilt along new central streets.

Castasegna

Castasegna is first mentioned in 1374 as Castexegnia.
Castasegna has the largest Chestnut forest in Europe, known as Brentan. The town's name means chestnut grove and the tree is featured on the coat of arms.

Soglio

Soglio is first mentioned in 1186 as de Solio.

Stampa

Stampa is first mentioned after 1354 as Stamppa.

Vicosoprano

Vicosoprano is first mentioned in 1096 as Vicus Supranus.

Geography

Bregaglia had an area, of. Of this area, about 14.1% is used for agricultural purposes, while 21.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.9% is settled and 63.4% is unproductive land. Over the past two decades the amount of land that is settled has increased by and the agricultural land has decreased by.

Demographics

Bregaglia has a population of. , 13.4% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 4 years the population has changed at a rate of -3.62%. The birth rate in the municipality, in 2014, was 7.7, while the death rate was 11.6 per thousand residents.
, children and teenagers make up 16.6% of the population, while adults are 59.2% and seniors make up 24.2%. In 2015 there were 608 single residents, 726 people who were married or in a civil partnership, 124 widows or widowers and 78 divorced residents.
In 2014 there were 692 private households in Bregaglia with an average household size of 2.21 persons. In 2013 the rate of construction of new housing units per 1000 residents was 1.28. The vacancy rate for the municipality,, was 0.87%.

Historic population

The historical population is given in the following chart:

Colors=
id:lightgrey value:gray
id:darkgrey value:gray
ImageSize = width:1100 height:500
PlotArea = height:350 left:100 bottom:90 right:100
Legend = columns:3 left:220 top:70 columnwidth:160
AlignBars = justify
DateFormat = x.y
Period = from:0 till:1900
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:400 start:0
ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:80 start:0
Colors=
id:BO value:yellowgreen legend:Bondo
id:CA value:green legend:Castasegna
id:SO value:blue legend:Soglio
id:ST value:red legend:Stampa
id:VI value:yellow legend:Vicosoprano
PlotData=
color:yellowgreen width:30 mark: align:center
bar:1850 from: 0 till:230 text:"230" color:BO
bar:1860 from: 0 till:261 text:"261" color:BO
bar:1870 from: 0 till:229 text:"229" color:BO
bar:1880 from: 0 till:265 text:"265" color:BO
bar:1888 from: 0 till:282 text:"282" color:BO
bar:1900 from: 0 till:304 text:"304" color:BO
bar:1910 from: 0 till:291 text:"291" color:BO
bar:1920 from: 0 till:268 text:"268" color:BO
bar:1930 from: 0 till:261 text:"261" color:BO
bar:1941 from: 0 till:244 text:"244" color:BO
bar:1950 from: 0 till:239 text:"239" color:BO
bar:1960 from: 0 till:254 text:"254" color:BO
bar:1970 from: 0 till:209 text:"209" color:BO
bar:1980 from: 0 till:184 text:"184" color:BO
bar:1990 from: 0 till:161 text:"161" color:BO
bar:2000 from: 0 till:181 text:"181" color:BO
bar:1850 from: 230 till:437 text:"207" color:CA
bar:1860 from: 261 till:452 text:"191" color:CA
bar:1870 from: 229 till:456 text:"227" color:CA
bar:1880 from: 265 till:520 text:"255" color:CA
bar:1888 from: 282 till:521 text:"239" color:CA
bar:1900 from: 304 till:543 text:"239" color:CA
bar:1910 from: 291 till:552 text:"261" color:CA
bar:1920 from: 268 till:483 text:"215" color:CA
bar:1930 from: 261 till:458 text:"197" color:CA
bar:1941 from: 244 till:435 text:"191" color:CA
bar:1950 from: 239 till:436 text:"197" color:CA
bar:1960 from: 254 till:485 text:"231" color:CA
bar:1970 from: 209 till:427 text:"218" color:CA
bar:1980 from: 184 till:358 text:"174" color:CA
bar:1990 from: 161 till:337 text:"176" color:CA
bar:2000 from: 181 till:371 text:"190" color:CA
bar:1850 from: 437 till:825 text:"388" color:SO
bar:1860 from: 452 till:856 text:"404" color:SO
bar:1870 from: 456 till:825 text:"369" color:SO
bar:1880 from: 520 till:873 text:"353" color:SO
bar:1888 from: 521 till:859 text:"338" color:SO
bar:1900 from: 543 till:892 text:"349" color:SO
bar:1910 from: 552 till:903 text:"351" color:SO
bar:1920 from: 483 till:814 text:"331" color:SO
bar:1930 from: 458 till:755 text:"297" color:SO
bar:1941 from: 435 till:721 text:"286" color:SO
bar:1950 from: 436 till:723 text:"287" color:SO
bar:1960 from: 485 till:811 text:"326" color:SO
bar:1970 from: 427 till:646 text:"219" color:SO
bar:1980 from: 358 till:578 text:"220" color:SO
bar:1990 from: 337 till:553 text:"216" color:SO
bar:2000 from: 371 till:543 text:"172" color:SO
bar:1850 from: 825 till:1153 text:"328" color:ST
bar:1860 from: 856 till:1218 text:"362" color:ST
bar:1870 from: 825 till:1197 text:"372" color:ST
bar:1880 from: 873 till:1283 text:"410" color:ST
bar:1888 from: 859 till:1396 text:"537" color:ST
bar:1900 from: 892 till:1337 text:"445" color:ST
bar:1910 from: 903 till:1340 text:"437" color:ST
bar:1920 from: 814 till:1293 text:"479" color:ST
bar:1930 from: 755 till:1222 text:"467" color:ST
bar:1941 from: 721 till:1152 text:"431" color:ST
bar:1950 from: 723 till:1137 text:"414" color:ST
bar:1960 from: 811 till:1246 text:"435" color:ST
bar:1970 from: 646 till:1097 text:"451" color:ST
bar:1980 from: 578 till:998 text:"420" color:ST
bar:1990 from: 553 till:1041 text:"488" color:ST
bar:2000 from: 543 till:1074 text:"531" color:ST
bar:1850 from: 1153 till:1536 text:"383" color:VI
bar:1860 from: 1218 till:1626 text:"408" color:VI
bar:1870 from: 1197 till:1594 text:"397" color:VI
bar:1880 from: 1283 till:1682 text:"399" color:VI
bar:1888 from: 1396 till:1814 text:"418" color:VI
bar:1900 from: 1337 till:1754 text:"417" color:VI
bar:1910 from: 1340 till:1826 text:"486" color:VI
bar:1920 from: 1293 till:1775 text:"482" color:VI
bar:1930 from: 1222 till:1666 text:"444" color:VI
bar:1941 from: 1152 till:1564 text:"412" color:VI
bar:1950 from: 1137 till:1552 text:"415" color:VI
bar:1960 from: 1246 till:1814 text:"568" color:VI
bar:1970 from: 1097 till:1484 text:"387" color:VI
bar:1980 from: 998 till:1395 text:"397" color:VI
bar:1990 from: 1041 till:1434 text:"393" color:VI
bar:2000 from: 1074 till:1503 text:"429" color:VI

Heritage sites of national significance

The Castelmur medieval fortifications, the church of S. Maria and the Palazzo Salis in Bondo, the Casa Antonio No. 139, the Casa Battista no. 131, the Casa Di Mezzo No. 137 and the Cas’Alta No. 120 in Soglio and the Palazzo Castelmur in Stampa are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance.
The church of S. Maria in Castelmur was largely rebuilt in the 19th century, but still has its Romanesque campanile. S. Maria in Bondo also has a Romanesque bell tower. This church was restored in the 17th century but retains an important late 15th-century fresco cycle. The remains of the painter Varlin are interred in the nearby cemetery. Further notable buildings include the Casa Molinari, the Palazzo Scartazzini of 1690, the Palazzo Scartazzini am Platz of 1763 and the Palazzo Salis; this last was begun by Jerome de Salis-Soglio in 1765 for his wife Mary and completed by their son in 1774. There is also a group of crotti towards Promontagno. In the twentieth century the painter Varlin captured much of the spirit of the village.

Economy

, there were a total of 896 people employed in the municipality. Of these, a total of 104 people worked in 31 businesses in the primary economic sector. A vast majority of the primary sector employees worked in very small businesses. The remainder worked in 1 small business with a total of 19 employees. The secondary sector employed 306 workers in 45 separate businesses. A minority of the secondary sector employees worked in very small businesses. There were 9 small businesses with a total of 170 employees. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 486 jobs in 147 businesses. There were 6 small businesses with a total of 142 employees.
In 2014 a total of 1.3% of the population received social assistance. In the second quarter of 2016 an average of 370 workers commuted from outside Switzerland to work in the municipality, representing a large minority of the employees.
In 2015 local hotels had a total of 41,439 overnight stays, of which 31.4% were international visitors.
Elektrizitätswerk der Stadt Zürich operates a power plant in Castasegna.

Politics

In the 2015 federal election the most popular party was the FDP with 28.3% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP, the BDP and the SP. In the federal election, a total of 554 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 46.1%. The 2015 election saw a large change in the voting when compared to 2011. The percentage of the vote received by the FDP increased from 20.5% in 2011 to 28.3% in 2015, while the percentage that the SP received dropped from 17.3% to 12.2%.

Crime

In 2014 the crime rate, of the over 200 crimes listed in the Swiss Criminal Code, in Bregaglia was 15.3 per thousand residents or about 23.7% of the average rate in the entire country. During the same period, the rate of drug crimes was 23 per thousand residents which was over twice the national rate. The rate of violations of immigration, visa and work permit laws was 4.5 per thousand residents. This rate is 246.2% greater than the rate in the district and 275.0% greater than the cantonal rate.

Notable residents

Soglio village is the commune of origin for the Salis family, one of the oligarch families of the Grisons. There are several Salis houses in the village: Casa Alta; Casa Battista; Casa di Mezzo; and Casa Antonio. The Casa Battista is now a hotel - Hotel Palazzo Salis - while the others are tenements. For centuries the Salis family fortunes influenced the region, and the bars from the family arms are present in the coat of arms of the municipality, below the capricorn, which indicates church membership.
One family of famous artists, the Giacometti, come from Stampa. The most famous members of the family are:
Soglio has an average of 101.8 days of rain per year and on average receives of precipitation. The wettest month is May during which time Soglio receives an average of of precipitation. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 12.7 days. The driest month of the year is February with an average of of precipitation over 12.7 days.
Vicosoprano has an average of 111.4 days of rain per year and on average receives of precipitation. The wettest month is May during which time Vicosoprano receives an average of of precipitation. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 13.3 days. The driest month of the year is February with an average of of precipitation over 13.3 days.