The Budapest–Belgrade–Skopje–Athens railway, a China-CEE "hallmark" project of Beijing’s Belt and Road initiative, is a planned railroad international connection in Central and Southeast Europe – between Budapest, Belgrade, Skopje, Athens and its China-run port of Pireus. Planned speed is between Budapest and Belgrade, current line between Thessaloniki and Athens is with upgrades to ongoing. The Chinese planners do not comment on the other tracks' realizable speeds. Originally, they spoke of up to throughout. The first section, the Budapest–Belgrade railway – a $2.89 billion, high-speed rail line – should have been finished in two years, but is lagging behind due to an EU investigation into possible violations of its public tendering requirements. Up today, this China-CEE project is in collision with and/or parallel to the EU planning of the Trans-European Transport Networks.
Modernization of the Serbian section
In Serbia, one of the segments, the -long section Belgrade-Stara Pazova is currently being reconstructed by China Communications Construction Company together with China Railways International, with the investment of $350.1 million, funded with a loan from the Export-Import Bank of China, this section will be finished by the end of 2020. The section Stara Pazova-Novi Sad is being reconstructed by the Russian RZD International, financed with Russian credit. The reconstruction of the section Novi Sad-Subotica is set to begin in 2019, with estimated cost of €943 million, built by CCCC and a duration of 33 months, during which this section will be closed. It was announced by Prime Minister Ana Brnabić that the section from Novi Sad to Kelebija will be opened in 2021. In July 2020, President Aleksandar Vučić announced that the 204km Belgrade-Niš section will be completed by the end 2023. It will have speeds of up to 200km/h, bringing Belgrade and Niš within 1 hour and 20 minutes of each other. It will follow the direction of the Pan-European Corridor X.
EU planning
In a 2012/13 EC report, Priority Project 22: Railway axis Athens–Sofia–Budapest–Vienna–Prague–Nuremberg/Dresden , the planners included their considerations of the Balkan route, which follows Pan-European Corridor X through Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, North Macedonia and Greece and shortens the present Athens–Budapest route via Bulgaria and Romania by. The total length is around compared to for the current southern Athens–Budapest part of PP22. Moreover, there are also a number of technical advantages of this proposed part of the Balkan route: 89% of it is electrified, as against 75% of the present PP22 route and the tracks are designed for higher maximum speeds overall. Nevertheless 64% of the planned line is still single track, compared to 54% of the present part of the PP22 route. The planners appeal to the politicians: "In the medium term it may become necessary to tailor priorities in line with what is feasible, both for the European Union, the main provider of funding, and the Member States concerned. In this respect, Croatia’s accession to the European Union in July 2013 and discussions with the epublics of the former Yugoslavia in connection with the review of TEN–T policy present a useful opportunity to develop rail links between south–east and central Europe via the western Balkans."
