is among the smallest minority-religions in Canada, with a very slowly growing population in the country, partly the result of conversion, with only 4.6% of new immigrants identifying themselves as Buddhist. As of 2011, the census recorded 366,830 or 1.1% Canadian Buddhists.
History
Buddhism has been practised in Canada for more than a century. Buddhism arrived in Canada with the arrival of Chinese labourers in the territories during the 19th century. Modern Buddhism in Canada traces to Japanese immigration during the late 19th century. The first Japanese Buddhist temple in Canada was built at the Ishikawa Hotel in Vancouver in 1905. Over time, the Japanese Jōdo Shinshū branch of Buddhism became the prevalent form of Buddhism in Canada and established the largest Buddhist organization in Canada. A substantial expansion of Buddhism in Canada began in the last half of the 20th century. Changes in Canadian immigration and refugee policies corresponded to increasing communities from Sri Lanka, Japan, and Southeast Asian nations with Buddhist traditions. In addition, the popularity and goodwill ushered in by Tibet's Dalai Lama put Buddhism in a favourable light. Many non-Asian Canadians have embraced Buddhism in various traditions and some have become leaders in their respective sanghas. In 2012, there were 489 Buddhist organizations in Canada, including temples, centres, associations, retreats, charities and businesses. All lineages are represented. The following universities in Canada have incorporated Buddhist Studies either as a sub-discipline of religious studies, or as a subsidiary to Asian Studies: the University of Toronto has two professors specialized in Buddhism, and the University of Calgary also maintains two professorships related to Buddhism. Smaller universities in Canada will typically have just one professor assigned to Buddhism as, e.g., at the U. of Lethbridge. Although the temples constructed by immigrant communities in the major cities are more visible, there are also examples of small Buddhist temples constructed by immigrants and refugees in Canada's smaller cities, such as Regina, Saskatchewan's tiny Lao temple. Various immigrant and refugee populations have tried to replicate or maintain their traditions in Canada, while small numbers of Canadians of non-Asian ancestry have also been converting to, Buddhism. The book Choosing Buddhism by the cultural anthropologist Mauro Peressini provides a survey of the history Buddhism in Canada and documents the conversion to Buddhism of eight notable contemporary Canadian Buddhists including Ajahn Viradhammo, Jim Bedard, Albert Low, Taigen Henderson, Zengetsu Myōkyo, Louis Cormier, Kelsang Drenpa and Tsultrim Palmo.
Demographics
The Buddhist Population in Canada according to the 2011 Census.
Year
Percent
Increase
1991
0.6%
2001
1%
+0.40%
2011
1.1%
+0.1%
Province
Buddhists
163,750
90,620
52,390
44,410
6,770
4,265
2,205
975
400
170
560
290
20
Canada
366,830
The percentage of Buddhists by province/territory in canada
Province
Buddhists
1.29%
2.1%
0.68%
1.24%
0.58%
0.42%
0.24%
0.13%
0.08%
0.42%
0.41%
0.89
0.06
Canada
1.1%
Prison population
Prison statistics for the year 2011 indicated that 2% of inmates are Buddhist in Canada's federal prison system.
Canada