The, the convent of the Dominican sisters of Saint Catherine of Colmar was established in 1310. The convent's church for which the Buhl altarpiece was originally painted was completed in 1436, replacing a smaller building from 1371. The Gothic building was desecrated in 1792 and partly destroyed in the 19th century. Classified as a Monument historique since 1903, it is now used for different purposes by the municipality. The colourful Buhl altarpiece is the work of a group of followers of Martin Schongauer, who drew their inspiration both from his woodcuts and from his paintings, especially the Altarpiece of the Dominicans, now kept in the Unterlinden Museum. The Buhl painters closely followed their model's designs, but on a larger scale and in a simpler and technically cruder manner. While it is not documented that the altarpiece was commissioned by the convent of Saint Catherine, the closeness to the designs of Schongauer but also, to a lesser degree, of Caspar Isenmann indicate without a doubt that it has been painted in Colmar; furthermore, both Saint Catherine and Saint Ursula, who figure prominently in the Crucifixion scene, were particularly venerated by the Dominican sisters of Saint Catherine. It has been suggested that Schongauer's pupil Urbain Huter may have been one of the authors but without any solid evidence. The altarpiece is recorded in Buhl since 1835. The current parish church, a Neo-Romanesque building with a long and imposing nave and a short and narrow choir was built in three phases between 1868 and 1899. The altarpiece left Buhl twice, once during World War II, when it was hidden in Périgueux and once from 1966 until 1971, when it was restored in Paris, then displayed in the Unterlinden Museum in Colmar. A local association of the "Friends of the Buhl Altarpiece" was founded in 1988. The altarpiece is classified as a Monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture on terms that may appear confusing. It is classified as an object since 1978 according to the digital database of the Ministry, or since 1967 according to the of the Ministry. It is also classified since 1863 as a part of the building in which it is displayed, regardless of the fact that the church in question has been entirely rebuilt after that date.
Description
Originally a triptych but currently not displayed in that fashion because of a lack of space, the Buhl altarpiece is composed of a central panel, wide and high, and two lateral panels, wide and high. When opened, the altarpiece thus reaches a width of, significantly surpassing the Isenheim Altarpiece shows the Last Judgment as a doom. The rear of the rightpanel showsthe Annunciation with the Unicorn and the Adoration of the Magi. Remarkably, both the blessed in the depiction of Paradise and the damned in the depiction of Hell in the Last Judgement are almost all clerical people: popes, bishops, monks, nuns. A nun deep in the fire is shown pointing her finger at her tongue; a text running next to her says "I didn't keep my mouth shut, that's why I'm deep in hell".
