Burya The Burya was a supersonic, intercontinental cruise missile , developed by the Lavochkin design bureau under designation La-350 from 1954 until the program cancellation in February 1960 . The request for proposal issued by the Soviet government in 1954, called for a cruise missile capable of delivering a nuclear payload to the United States . Analogous developments in the United States were the SM-62 Snark and SM-64 Navaho cruise missiles , particularly the latter, which used parallel technology and had similar performance goals.Development The first steps towards development of Burya was the idea of Mstislav Vsevolodovich Keldysh of Keldysh bomber . The Burya was planned as a Mach 3 intercontinental nuclear ramjet cruise missile. The Burya was remarkably advanced for its time, and despite setbacks and several crashes, the vehicle demonstrated a range in excess of 6,000 km with a thermonuclear bomb-sized payload at speeds greater than Mach 3. The Burya had a two-stage design - the daring concept for an intercontinental missile was the second stage , which was powered by a ramjet engine at its operational speed of Mach 3. This varied from the original Trommsdorff concept of World War II in that no mother aircraft launch preceded the rocket boosted phase. The first stage was a ballistic-rocket-derived booster , which accelerated the Burya to altitude and the speed necessary to ignite its ramjet engine: a ramjet does not operate below subsonic speeds, and to use a hybrid jet-ramjet to broaden its operating speed would have been more complex. Successful tests were achieved after official cancellation of the project , when it continued as a technology demonstration. It was a casualty, like the USAF Navaho, of the greater simplicity and relative invulnerability to interception of intercontinental ballistic missiles . The Burya was an early precursor to the Zvezda and Buran projects. The guidance system was realized using an inertial system and also with a star tracking: trought the windows located on the top of the stage 2, the system locate its position relative to the brightest stars. The star tracking system was more accurate for a long range flight compared to the inertial systems available at that time, even if more complex.Specifications General characteristics Function : Nuclear cruise missileLaunch mass : 96,000 kgTotal length : 19.9 mLaunch platform : Launch pad First flight test : 1 July 1957 Last flight test : 16 December 1960 Number of successful launches : 14Number of failed launches : 3Status : CanceledFunction : Multi-purpose launch vehicle Engine : 2× Burya booster with S2.1150 engineLength : 18.9 mDiameter : 1.45 mThrust : 68.61 tOxidizer : Nitric acid Combustible : Amine Engine : 1× RD-012U ramjetCruise Speed : Mach 3.1-3.3Maximal speed in test : Mасh 3.4-3.5 Range : 8000 - 8,500 kmMaximal range in test : 6,500 km Flight altitude : 18–25,5 kmWarhead : thermonuclear, 2190 kgLength : 18.0 mDiameter : 2.20 mWing span : 7.75 mWing area : 60 m²
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