A business route in the United States is a short special route connected to a parentnumbered highway at its beginning, then routed through the central business district of a nearby city or town, and finally reconnecting with the same parent numbered highway again at its end.
Naming
Business routes always have the same number as the routes they parallel. For example, U.S. 1 Business is a loop off, and paralleling, U.S. Route 1, and Interstate 40 Business is a loop off, and paralleling, Interstate 40. In some states, a business route is designated by adding the letter "B" after the number instead of placing a "Business" sign above it. For example, Arkansas signs a business route of US 71 as "US 71B". On some route shields and road signs, the word "business" is shortened to just "BUS". This abbreviation is rare and usually avoided to prevent confusion with bus routes.
Marking
Signage of business routes varies, depending on the type of route they are derived from. Business routes paralleling U.S. and state highways usually have exactly the same shield shapes and nearly the same overall appearance as the routes they parallel, with a rectangular plate reading "BUSINESS" placed above the shield. In order to better identify and differentiate alternate routes from the routes they parallel, some states such as Maryland are beginning to use green shields for business routes off U.S. highways. In addition, Maryland uses a green shield for business routes off state highways with the word "BUSINESS" in place of "MARYLAND". Business Interstate highways use the same four-pointed shield design as regular Interstate highways, but substitute the normal red and blue layout with an all-green color scheme. Also, BUSINESS appears at the top of the shield instead of INTERSTATE, and either LOOP or SPUR may appear above the number. More information, and images of signage, is found here. On maps, business routes are typically denoted with a standard marker containing the route number and the abbreviation "BUS". For Interstate business routes, an indication of whether the route is a business loop or business spur may be included. MDOT's official Michigan maps denote business Interstate routes with green shields similar to business interstate signage.
Maintenance
Business routes are maintained by different levels of government in different states. Many states incorporate business routes into their state-maintained highway systems; others, such as Indiana and Wisconsin, let local governments maintain them.
Formation
Business routes typically follow the original routing of the numbered route through a city or town, and were largely created during the era of the large-scale highway construction in the U.S. from the 1930s through to the 1970s. As U.S. Highways and Interstates were built, they would typically begin in the first phase of their development with the numbered route carrying traffic directly through the center of a given city or town. In the second phase of their development, bypasses would be constructed around the central business districts of the towns they had once passed directly through. As these bypasses were built, the original sections of these routes that had once passed directly through a given city or town would often be designated as "business routes". In many cases prior to the construction of such bypasses, local business would attempt to exert legal and/or legislative pressure for these bypasses to be routed so as to maximize access between their businesses and the proposed bypass loops, while state planners might attempt to route such bypasses with less concern for the welfare of the businesses being bypassed.
