It is possible that Caesar's Camp developed in the Late Bronze Age, as a fort associated with the River Wey. There were three Iron Age phases of the fort. In its earliest form, Caesar's Camp was a univallate fort. In its second phase of development, the defences were multivallate with a timber palisade. Later, a bank was built over the line of the palisade, replacing it. After the third phase, the site was apparently abandoned until the medieval period, when a park pale was built, making use of the final phase of the Iron Age defences. Caesar's Camp belonged to the Farnham estate of the Bishop of Winchester in the 11th century; by the 13th century it formed part of a park associated with Farnham Castle.
Site description
Caesar's Camp stands above mean sea level, and the Bagshot Beds of sand surface on the northern slopes of the hill. The area around the hillfort features extensive areas of open heathland. The defences on the east side have been damaged by a modern quarry. The interior of the fort is largely undisturbed, and the rarity of large multivallate Iron Age forts has resulted in Caesar's Camp being regarded as of national importance by Historic England. The fort is large and encloses an area of. The earthwork ramparts and ditches largely follow the contours of the hill. The ramparts cut across the neck of the plateau on the south side; on the north and northeast sides there are no earthwork defences since the steep scarps render them unnecessary. On the southwest side, marshland was incorporated into the defences, and gaps in the rampart occur in that area. On the east side the defences consisted of a double rampart. The inner rampart is wide and high; the ditch between the ramparts is deep and wide. The outer rampart is wide and stands high. Outside the second rampart is another ditch, this measuring deep. On the southeast side, the defences consisted of a triple rampart and a counter-scarp bank that continued to the south side. The fort's defences were strongest on the south, where they cut across level ground. The main entrance to the fort is believed to have been halfway along the east side; however, direct evidence is lacking due to the damage caused to the supposed entrance by modern quarrying. A trackway cuts through the strong defences on the south side, but this may be modern. The medieval park pale is evident as a bank and accompanying ditch running along the western edge of Caesar's Camp. The bank is wide and stands high. The ditch runs on the inside of the bank and measures wide and is deep. Some outside the rampart on the southwest side are the remains of what has been interpreted as a defensive outlier, or an earlier version of the defences, consisting of a low wide rampart. However, this feature may instead be the misinterpreted remains of the medieval park pale, the spoil of which was thrown over the Iron Age defences.
Finds
A trench was excavated by N. Riall in 1983. Miscellaneous finds at Caesar's Camp include a Romanroof tile, which is now held in Camberley Museum, and an early rapier dating to the Middle Bronze Age. The sword has been assigned to the Thetford Class of Trump's Group II, characterised by a trapezoid butt with two noches, and dated to 1200–1000 BC. The weapon is forged from a copper alloy and has a fluted blade with three central ribs. It has a total length of ; the blade is wide and thick. The hilt plate is wide. This sword is now held in the British Museum.
