Callan (TV series)
Callan is a British action/drama television series created by James Mitchell, first airing between 1967 and 1972. It starred Edward Woodward as David Callan, an agent of a state secret service dealing with internal security threats to the United Kingdom. Though portrayed as having responsibilities similar to those of the real-life MI5, Callan's fictional "Section" has carte blanche to use the most ruthless of methods. In the storylines interrogation is by means of torture, while extrajudicial killings are so routine they have a colour-coded filing system. With the possible exception of La Femme Nikita, no TV series has ever presented a Western government agency in so sinister a light as Callan. Despite being an assassin who stays in the socially isolating job because it is the only thing he is good at, Callan is a sympathetic character by comparison to his sadistic upper-class colleagues and implacable superior. The downbeat cover for the Section's headquarters was the scrap metal business of "Charlie Hunter". Produced by ABC Weekend Television and Thames Television, the programme proved extremely popular; as well as four series between 1967 and 1972, followed by a feature-length film in 1974 and a TV movie in 1981.
Characters
- David Callan - his name is a pseudonym as when meeting with an old acquaintance he remarks that he knew him by a different name during their military service together. He often uses the alias David Tucker who is officially in the scrap metal business but is also a qualified bookkeeper which he uses both to support himself when not working for The Section and occasionally in undercover work. He was born in London, an only child whose parents were both killed towards the end of World War II in a V2 rocket attack. He served as a National Serviceman in the British Army during the Malayan War with the Green Howards, attained the rank of corporal and saved his company commander's life, winning a medal but twice being demoted for fighting with a sergeant and arguing with an officer. Afterwards he became a bank robber but was caught, served two years in Wormwood Scrubs prison and was subsequently recruited by The Section. He served in Hong Kong and in Beirut where he became romantically involved with a woman who was shot and killed in his arms by an enemy agent. He is a crack shot, normally preferring a snub-nosed Nagouchi.357 Magnum revolver and a karate expert, demonstrating the ability to quite literally kill an opponent with his bare hands using only three blows. He is a skilled burglar and safe cracker although not as good Lonely whose expert help he regularly requires. He speaks fluent Russian. He drinks whisky with Hunter and keeps it, gin and light ale at his flat. He is appalled by his work for The Section although seems to accept it as a necessary evil of the Cold War, feeling that not only has he no choice but that it is what he is genuinely good at. His social life largely consists of military history and collecting militaria, spending his free time with other collectors and enthusiasts, his speciality the Napoleonic period. When distraught he gets drunk with Lonely and confesses to witnessing another soldier ruthlessly shooting down the enemy in an ambush during the Malayan War, vowing to become just like him in order to survive.
- Lonely - his real name is never revealed, he is a small time thief, former forger and burglar and has been since childhood. He has an aunt who is his 'fence' and runs a snack bar in a market along with her statuesque son called Wellington and an unnamed friend who is a blind beggar. Lonely earns his nickname due to bouts of extreme body odour which is psychosomatic and occurs when he is frightened, which is often when in Callan's presence. He is an expert at surveillance and burglary and is Callan's link to criminal resources such as an underworld doctor and black market weapons. He takes various straight jobs throughout the series such as a bathroom attendant at a strip club but The Section eventually arrange a career for him as a black cab driver, both in their service and to support himself between assignments. He and Callan met in Wormwood Scrubs prison where Callan defended the vulnerable Lonely from other more violent criminals. Although they seem to genuinely care for one another Lonely always refers to him as 'Mr Callan' and is perpetually afraid of him. Callan never actually tells Lonely the nature of his work although it is hinted at that Lonely suspects him to be more than just an everyday gangster, notably when he aids Callan in helping a KGB agent escape from prison. He likes his tea 'interfered with' meaning laced with whisky and enjoys gambling.
- Liz - secretary of the various Hunters. It is revealed she was a survivor of a Nazi massacre in Poland as a child and was adopted by a British intelligence officer which eventually led her into being recruited by The Section. She and Callan seem fond of one another but their relationship appears to be wholly professional.
- Toby Meres - an upper class agent who attended Eton school followed by Oxford and then the Brigade of Guards, recruited by The Section after being forced to leave the army after causing the death of one of his men. He wears distinctive blue glasses, uses a.38 Special and spends a year attached to the CIA as The Section's Washington representative. He has an adversarial relationship with Callan but respects his abilities and works effectively in a team with him.
- Dr. Snell - a sinister and seemingly emotionless doctor who works for The Section. As well as standard medical care he is involved in the psychological evaluation of Section personnel, the mental torture of Section prisoners and even brainwashing a criminal so that he forgets witnessing Callan kill one of his henchmen.
- James Cross - a replacement agent for Tony Meres who has been posted to the US and Callan's rival within The Section. He is upper class, ambitious and extremely ruthless, bordering on the sadistic. He drives a white Jaguar, drinks whisky, smokes cigarettes and uses a snub nosed.38 calibre revolver. He has a casual affair with Hunter's secretary, Liz and later kills the Nazi war criminal who tried to murder her by throwing him out of a window, although Callan opines this was purely to save his own career. Whilst Callan is on friendly terms with the other members of The Section, he and Cross share a mutual antipathy which borders on hatred, Cross even disagreeing with Hunter's decision to trade a captured KGB agent in return for rescuing an imprisoned Callan from behind the Iron Curtain.
Series overview
Overall, the series was successful in the television ratings, running between 1967 and 1972. The closing episode of the 1969 series saw a severely under-pressure Callan get shot, with a clever publicity campaign following to ensure that viewers cared whether the character lived or died. The last two series were in colour and proved as popular as ever. A cinema film simply entitled Callan followed in 1974, directed by Don Sharp. Callan was last seen in the 1981 feature-length television story made by ATV, entitled Wet Job. Though less satisfactory than the preceding series, it was a chance for viewers to see the main characters of Callan and Lonely one more time.
Colour-coded files
The Section used a series of colour-coded files to indicate targets of different priorities ;| Red File | Dangerous targets of most urgent priority, marked for death |
| Yellow File | A subject under occasional surveillance |
| Blue File | Members of the 'wrong' party |
| White File | People to be put out of action by sending them into divorce courts, bankruptcy, prison or mental homes |
Episodes
The original TV play was screened in 1967, followed by a first series of six episodes, a second series of fifteen episodes, a third series of nine episodes and a fourth series of thirteen episodes.Pilot – ''A Magnum for Schneider'' (1967)
Callan has been retired from an anonymous government agency known as "The Section", run by Colonel Hunter. The Section removes those who pose a danger to the public, using either persuasion, blackmail, extortion or death. David Callan had been the Section's top operative, but had become too curious about his targets and the rationale for their removal. The Section considered him vulnerable, volatile and dangerous, so had laid him off to a dead-end book-keeping job with an ungrateful employer.The pilot was novelised by its scriptwriter, James Mitchell, who went on to write most of the TV series episodes. The book was published under the title Red File For Callan in the US, and as A Magnum for Schneider in the UK, the storyline being based around Callan's love for toy soldier war games, an interest shared by his target, Schneider, a Hampstead-based arms dealer.
The pilot, filmed in black-and-white, was later remade in colour as a feature film in 1974, two years after the television series ended.
Series 1 : 6 episodes (1967)
ABC commissioned a first series of six episodes in 1967. In the first episode Callan rejoins the section in an unofficial capacity. The series was characterised by Callan's stand-off, barely-respectful, relationship with his boss, Hunter, who schemed to retain Callan on his side, and would play him off in little divide-and-rule scenarios with or against his fellow agents, in an effort to maintain his control. It was not always apparent that these ploys worked. Callan's underworld contact, Lonely, developed into an unofficial sidekick, whose shadowing qualities outshone his sense of personal hygiene, something Meres in particular took joy in pointing out. Lonely remained ignorant of Callan's real work and believed him to be something of a gangland villain.Series 2 : 15 episodes (1969)
By 1969, ABC Weekend Television had, due to an enforced merger with Rediffusion, become Thames Television. A second series of fifteen episodes, which had already been completed by ABC, was therefore transmitted under the name of the new company. This run ended with "Death of a Hunter", in which the Section chief meets his demise, and Callan is shot – perhaps fatally. It had not been decided whether the show would return for a third series, so this device was used to leave open either the possibility of more stories in the future, or a way of winding-up the show. Two endings were taped, in which Callan either lived or died. In the end, Thames decided to bring the programme back in 1970, this time in colour, for a series consisting of a further nine episodes.Series 3 : 9 episodes (1970)
The third series, the first in colour, saw Callan still recovering from having been shot and struggling to come to terms with his situation. Interviews with Snell and poor shooting range results portrayed Callan as a barely-functioning human being, whose future with the Section looks to be in serious doubt. If Callan is to be of any use to Hunter, something has to spark him into life. In league with Meres' younger, brasher, edgier and unpredictable replacement, James Cross, the new Hunter concocts a scenario whereby Callan's energies are incited into real emotions that can be turned against the enemy. The remaining eight episodes see the revitalised yet ever-more world-weary assassin cover more ground, including one episode where love comes unexpectedly into his life, and which has the unexpected ending.Series 4 : 13 episodes (1972)
The final set of thirteen episodes was broadcast in 1972. This saw Callan develop further than before. An unsuccessful mission results in Callan being interrogated in a Russian prison, but he is exchanged by the Soviets for one of their agents. Now he is known to them, he has become a liability. What to do with the Section's top agent is solved by promoting him to the position of Hunter – a post he dislikes as much or even more than actually serving under a Hunter. However, this move by his masters has motives, and he is eventually relieved of his duties after an incident in which he re-enters the fray as an agent, which was against the rules. He is replaced as Hunter by his predecessor. The final three episodes form a trilogy based around the defecting Soviet agent Richmond, which was sub-titled The Richmond Files.Reunion TV Movie : ''Wet Job'' (1981)
The 1981 feature-length television story Wet Job, written by Mitchell and produced by ATV, rounded off the saga with a positive ending to the story of Callan and Lonely. Callan has become the proprietor of a military memorabilia shop when he is recruited by the new Hunter for one more job. Alas, he has to do this alone: Lonely has become a dapper gent, engaged to be married, and with enough self-confidence to defy Callan's request for help. In the end, Callan completes the task, survives, and even ends up with a girlfriend.Documentary : ''This Man Alone'' (2015)
A Callan documentary entitled This Man Alone was released on DVD in November 2015. Narrated by Edward Woodward's son Peter Woodward, it includes contributions from Peter Mitchell, Reginald Collin, Mike Vardy, and James Goddard. Additionally the DVD includes a new transfer of A Magnum for Schneider and The Good Ones Are All Dead, a music-themed TV special The Edward Woodward Hour, and a documentary on James Mitchell, A World of My Own.In other media
Film – ''Callan'' (1974)
The cinema film was an expanded re-working of James Mitchell's original 1967 TV pilot episode, A Magnum for Schneider. Taking much of its new material from Mitchell's own novelisation of that teleplay, it was based more on the novel than on the original television script. For legal reasons, no mention is made of the pilot teleplay or the TV series. The film's credits mention only the novel as its source, identifying it by the title – Red File for Callan – under which it had been published by Simon & Schuster in the United States in 1969, so as to avoid any reference to the title of the ABC television pilot.In 1974 Dell reissued the novel in paperback, as Red File for Callan. But despite coinciding with the film's release this edition gave no hint of being a tie-in.
In the film, Callan's boss Hunter is played by Eric Porter, and Meres too is re-cast, this time played by Peter Egan. The only recurring actors from the TV series were Edward Woodward as Callan, Russell Hunter as Lonely, and Clifford Rose as Dr Snell.
Novels
- A Magnum for Schneider by James Mitchell – also published as Red File for Callan and Callan –,
- Russian Roulette by James Mitchell,
- Death and Bright Water by James Mitchell,
- Smear Job by James Mitchell,
- Bonfire Night by James Mitchell,
Short story collections
- Callan Uncovered all by James Mitchell. Features 25 short stories, as well as a story treatment and the full script of an unfilmed episode, "Goodbye Mary Lee".
- Callan Uncovered 2 all by James Mitchell. Features 15 short stories, as well as the full script of a 'lost' episode, "Goodness Burns Too Bright".
Audio Series
Volume One released July 2018.
On 29 July 2020, Big Finish announced that the second volume would release in September 2020.
Awards and nominations
The following is a table listing the awards and nominations received by Callan| Year | Association | Award Category | Notes | Result |
| 1970 | BAFTA | BAFTA TV Award – Best Actor | Edward Woodward | |
| 1970 | BAFTA | BAFTA TV Award – Best Drama Series | Reginald Collin | |
| 1970 | BAFTA | BAFTA TV Award – Best Script | James Mitchell | |
| 1971 | BAFTA | BAFTA TV Award – Best Drama Series | Reginald Collin |
Music
The series' theme tune, "Girl in the Dark", was a library piece credited to Dutch composer Jan Stoeckart, issued by De Wolfe Music.However, an edition of Billboard newspaper dated 15 November 1975 reported on the conclusion of a seven-year copyright case brought in 1968 by Mood Music, who claimed that Girl in the Dark was "sufficiently similar" to an Italian song, Sogno Nostalgico, as to be an infringement of copyright. That song was claimed to have been composed in 1963, with records of it released in Italy in 1964 which were made available from Mood Music's library in 1965. But Mood proved oddly reluctant to push the case to a trial.
The accuracy of their claim may be judged from the fact that Mood also claimed, incorrectly, that Sogno Nostalgico was used as the theme for the British television series The Rat Catchers, a piece of music which has always been credited to UK composer Johnny Pearson.
De Wolfe maintained that Girl in the Dark, the work of Dutch composer Jan Stoeckart in 1960, had been submitted to other people before the copyright was assigned to them in 1966. A settlement was reached in 1975 once it became clear – from the 1974 feature film – that Callan was no longer using the piece, so that royalties had dried up. Copyright in it was vested by agreement in Mood Music in 1975, together with future royalties, with De Wolfe retaining the majority of the royalties earned up to that point.
Due to the ongoing legal action, the 1974 feature film conspicuously did not use the composition Girl in the Dark, and the terms of the settlement of the case in 1975 led to its also not being used in ATV's 1981 reunion TV movie.
Incidental music was not a feature of the Callan television series, except in "A Magnum for Schneider" where "Girl in the Dark" was repeatedly played in scenes in which Callan set to work.
DVD releases
''Callan'' in the archives
The Armchair Theatre play from 1967 exists as a 16mm film recording of the original 405-line black-and-white television broadcast.The 21 episodes of series 1 and 2 were recorded on black-and-white videotape, with filmed inserts; but several of these episodes have been lost or wiped. The surviving episodes from Series 1 still exist as 405-line tapes, and those episodes featured on the 2015 DVD A Man Alone had proper electronic conversions to 625-line video, but the episodes have previously had poor quality optical conversions by merely pointing a 625-line electronic camera at a monitor displaying the original 405-line recording. The surviving Series 2 episodes also exist on 405-line videotapes, but for DVD these were electronically converted. In the case of "The Worst Soldier I Ever Saw", Network's DVD cover blurb states that the episode only survives as an unedited studio block, which had to be edited into its proper sequence for the DVD release.
All of the colour episodes exist, and the 1970 series was released on DVD in the UK in 2001. The episodes were edited to remove captions which would have led into the commercial breaks in the original transmission. This resulted in some awkward visual and audio jump cuts. The subsequent British DVD releases all retain the commercial break captions. The 1974 feature film was released on DVD separately.
Both the 1970 and 1972 series have had Region 4 DVD releases by Umbrella Entertainment. The 1972 series DVD also includes the feature film.
The separate DVD release of the 1974 feature film includes an interview, recorded in 2000, with Edward Woodward.
Region 1
Acorn Media released Callan - Set 1 on 7 July 2009 which includes all 9 episodes from series 3. On 26 January 2010, Callan - Set 2 was released featuring all 13 episodes from series 4. It has not been decided whether further series will be released to DVD in Region 1.Region 2
Clear Vision Video released three DVDs subtitled "Series 1 Parts 1 – 3 of 3", also available in a box titled Callan – The Complete Series One, in 2001. In fact these DVDs comprise the nine episodes of Series 3 aired in 1970, the first colour series, although the back covers incorrectly claim that "This edition comes from the first series that was ever shown on Thames Television".Prism Leisure released the cinema film as Callan – The Movie on Region 0 PAL in 2001. The DVD also includes an interview with Edward Woodward.
Network released Callan – The Monochrome Years in a DVD edition on 22 February 2010. This four DVD set includes the Armchair Theatre pilot play, 'A Magnum For Schnieder', plus the surviving 2 episodes of the first series, and the surviving 9 episodes of the second series. Network also released Callan – The Colour Years in 2010. Callan – Wet Job was then released by Network in 2011. Network were due to release the complete series, containing all the surviving episodes, The Definitive Collection, the following year, but this did not happen; and eventually, in 2015, the special features announced for the set began to be released individually. This suggests the collection has been abandoned.