Canarium Canarium is a genus of about 100 species of tropical and subtropical trees, in the family Burseraceae . They grow naturally across tropical Africa , south and southeast Asia , Indochina , Malesia , Australia and western Pacific Islands ; including from southern Nigeria east to Madagascar , Mauritius , Sri Lanka and India ; from Burma , Malaysia and Thailand through the Malay Peninsula and Vietnam to south China , Taiwan and the Philippines ; through Borneo , Indonesia , Timor and New Guinea , through to the Solomon Islands , New Caledonia , Fiji , Samoa , Tonga and Palau . They grow up to large evergreen trees of tall, and have alternately arranged, pinnate leaves.Common names The trees and their edible nuts have a large number of common names in their range. These include Pacific almond, canarium nut, pili nut , Java almond, Kenari nut, galip nut, nangai, and ngali.Species This species listing was sourced from The Plant List data aggregation website that takes in some inaccurate data. The brief species distribution information was sourced from Flora Malesiana , the Flora of China and the Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants information system. seeds dispersed by hornbills in Pakke Tiger Reserve Canarium acutifolium – New Guinea, Moluccas, Sulawesi, New Britain , New Ireland , Bougainville, Qld Australia Canarium album Chinese white olive – Taiwan, S China, Vietnam Canarium apertum – Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Borneo Canarium asperum – New Guinea, Moluccas, Sulawesi, Philippines, Borneo, Java, Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, Timor, Solomon Is ., Canarium australasicum – Qld, NSW, Australia endemic Canarium australianum – New Guinea, Qld, NT, WA, Australia Canarium balansae – New Caledonia endemic Canarium balsamiferum – Moluccas, Sulawesi Canarium batjanense – Canarium bengalense – India, Burma, Laos, Thailand, S China Canarium caudatum – Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Borneo Canarium cestracion – E New Guinea Canarium chinare – Solomon Is., Admiralty Is. Canarium cinereum – Canarium copaliferum – Canarium decumanum – E Borneo, Moluccas, New Guinea, Sulawesi Canarium denticulatum – Andaman Is., Burma, Sumatra, Malay Penin., Java, Borneo, Philippines Canarium dichotomum – Sumatra, Borneo Canarium divergens – Borneo Canarium elegans — Madagascar Canarium engleri – Canarium euphyllum – Canarium euryphyllum – Philippines Canarium fuscocalycinum – Borneo Canarium gracile – Philippines Canarium grandifolium – Malay Peninsula Canarium harami – Canarium harveyi – Canarium hirsutum – New Guinea to throughout Malesia, Solomon Is., Palau Canarium indicum – New Guinea, New Britain, New Ireland, Solomon Is., Vanuatu, Moluccas, Sulawesi Canarium intermedium – S Sumatra Canarium kaniense – New Guinea Canarium karoense – N Sumatra Canarium kerrii – Canarium kinabaluense – N Borneo Canarium kipella – W Java Canarium kostermansii – Borneo Canarium lamii – New Guinea Canarium latistipulatum – Borneo Canarium liguliferum – Canarium littorale – Indo-China, Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Java, Borneo Canarium luzonicum – Philippines Canarium lyi – Canarium macadamii – New Guinea Canarium madagascariense – Canarium maluense – Sulawesi, Moluccas, New Guinea, Borneo Canarium megacarpum – New Guinea Canarium megalanthum – Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Borneo Canarium merrillii – Borneo Canarium muelleri – Queensland endemic, Australia Canarium odontophyllum – Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines Canarium oleiferum – New Caledonia endemic Canarium oleosum – New Guinea, New Britain, Timor, Moluccas, Sulawesi Canarium ovatum – Philippines, cultivated Asia–Pacific Canarium paniculatum – Canarium parvum – S China, Vietnam Canarium patentinervium – Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Banka, Borneo Canarium perlisanum – Malay Peninsula Canarium pilososylvestre – W New Guinea Canarium pilosum – Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Borneo* subsp. borneensis – Borneo Canarium pimela Chinese black olive – Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, S China Canarium polyphyllum – New Guinea Canarium pseudodecumanum – Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Borneo Canarium pseudopatentinervium – S Sumatra, Banka, Borneo Canarium pseudopimela – Canarium pseudosumatranum – Malay Peninsula Canarium reniforme – Canarium resiniferum – Canarium rigidum – New Guinea Canarium rotundifolium – Canarium sarawakanum – Canarium schweinfurthii – African canarium; from Nigeria and Angola to Uganda Canarium sikkimense – Canarium solomonense – New Guinea Canarium strictum – India, Burma, S China Canarium subulatum – Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, S China Canarium sumatranum – Sumatra, Malay Peninsula Canarium sylvestre – New Guinea, Moluccas Canarium thorelianum – Canarium trifoliolatum – New Caledonia endemic Canarium trigonum – Sulawesi Canarium vanikoroense – Canarium venosum – Canarium vitiense – Fiji, Solomon Is., Samoa, Tonga, New Guinea, Bismarck Arch., Admiralty Is., Louisiade Arch., Torres Strait I's, Qld Australia Canarium vittatistipulatum – Canarium vrieseanum – Philippines, Sulawesi Canarium vulgare – Flores, Timor, Sulawesi, Moluccas Canarium whitei – New Caledonia endemic Canarium zeylanicum'' –Uses and ecology Several species have edible nuts , known as galip nut or nangae , pili nut, or simply canarium nut. C. indicum are among the most important nut-bearing trees in eastern Indonesia and the Southwest Pacific . C. ovatum is cultivated as a food crop only in the Philippines. The nuts of C. commune are also edible.C. odontophyllum , known commonly as dabai or kembayau, is a species with a nutritious fruit with a creamy taste. It is hard when raw and may be pickled or softened with hot water when prepared. Many animals feed on the fruit in the wild , such as the red-bellied lemur and the ruffed lemurs of Madagascar's eastern tropical forests . Canarium fruit is also an important part of the diet of the aye-aye .Canarium album produces a fruit consumed in Vietnam, Thailand, samo chin or kana ) and in China with an appearance of a big olive.Canarium luzonicum , commonly known as elemi , is a tree native to the Philippines. An oleoresin , which contains Elemicin , is harvested from it.Canarium strictum produces a resin called black dammar . Superb fruit-doves are known to be fond of the fruit of scrub turpentine , which they swallow whole.
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