Caput lupinum Caput lupinum or caput gerat lupinum is a term used in the English legal system and its derivatives. The Latin term literally means "wolf's head" or "wolfish head", and refers to a person considered to be an outlaw , as in, e.g. , the phrase caput gerat lupinum . The term was used in Medieval England to designate a person pronounced by the authorities to be a dangerous criminal , who could thus be killed without penalty. The term caput lupinum is first recorded in a law attributed to Edward the Confessor , in the text Leges Edwardi Confessoris . This law stated that a man who refused to answer a summons from the king's justice for a criminal trial would be condemned as a Caput lupinum . The thirteenth-century writer on law, Henry de Bracton , wrote in his book De Legibus et Consuetudinibus Angliae that outlaws "gerunt caput lupinum" - "bear the wolf's head ." Bracton added that this meant that outlaws could thus be killed without judicial inquiry . The fourteenth-century English legal textbook The Mirror of Justices stated that anyone who was accused of a felony , who refused three times to attend county courts , would be declared Caput lupinum or "Wolfshead". The book added ""Wolfshead!" shall be cried against him, for that a wolf is a beast hated of all folk ; and from that time forward it is lawful for anyone to slay him like a wolf." Black's Law Dictionary , 8th edition reads "an outlawed felon considered a pariah – a lone wolf – open to attack by anyone." A person designated a caput lupinum was a criminal whose rights had been waived. As such, he or she could be legally harmed by any citizen .
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