Carbon trioxide
Carbon trioxide is an unstable oxide of carbon. Three possible isomers of carbon trioxide, with molecular symmetry point groups Cs, D3h, and C2v, have been most studied by theoretical methods, and the C2v state has been shown to be the ground state of the molecule. Carbon trioxide should not be confused with the stable carbonate ion.
Carbon trioxide can be produced, for example, in the drift zone of a negative corona discharge by reactions between carbon dioxide and the atomic oxygen created from molecular oxygen by free electrons in the plasma. Another reported method is photolysis of ozone O3 dissolved in liquid CO2, or in CO2/SF6 mixtures at -45 °C, irradiated with light of 253.7 nm. The formation of CO3 is inferred but it appears to decay spontaneously by the route 2CO3 → 2CO2 + O2 with a lifetime much shorter than 1 minute. Carbon trioxide can be made by blowing ozone at dry ice, and it has also been detected in reactions between carbon monoxide and molecular oxygen. Along with the ground state C2v isomer, the first spectroscopic detection of the D3h isomer was in electron-irradiated ices of carbon dioxide.
