Carboxyatractyloside
Carboxyatractyloside is a highly toxic diterpene glycoside that inhibits the ADP/ATP translocase. It's about 10 times more potent than atractyloside. While atractyloside is effective in the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation, carboxyatractyloside is considered to be more effective. As well when carboxyatractyloside is inhibited, it is not reversed by increasing the concentration of adenine nucleotides unlike its counterpart atractyloside. Carboxyatractyloside behavior resembles bongkrekic acid while in the mitochondria.
