Carpus and tarsus of land vertebrates

• Three proximals. In the hand humans have all three. In the foot the middle proximal appears in 5-15% of people as an os trigonum.
• Centrale or os centrale, on the medial side. In humans and our closest relatives the African apes it fuses to the scaphoid where it forms the articulation with the trapezoid bone; occasionally it stays separate. In Man's foot it is the navicular. Some early land vertebrates had more than one os centrale per hand or foot.
• Distals, one per finger / toe at the base of each metacarpal or metatarsal. In mammals the 4th and 5th fuse. In the horse the 1st is lost.