Urticaceae The Urticaceae are a family , the nettle family , of flowering plants . The family name comes from the genus Urtica . The Urticaceae include a number of well-known and useful plants , including nettles in the genus Urtica , ramie , māmaki, and ajlai. The family includes about 2,625 species, grouped into 53 genera according to the database of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Christenhusz and Byng. The largest genera are Pilea , Elatostema , Urtica , and Cecropia . Cecropia contains many myrmecophytes . Urticaceae species can be found worldwide, apart from the polar regions .Description Urticaceae species can be shrubs, lianas, herbs, or, rarely, trees. Their leaves are usually entire and bear stipules. Urticating hairs are often present. They have usually unisexual flowers and can be both monoecious or dioecious . They are wind-pollinated . Most disperse their pollen when the stamens are mature and their filaments straighten explosively, a peculiar and conspicuously specialised mechanism.Taxonomy The APG II system puts the Urticaceae in the order Rosales, while older systems consider them part of the Urticales , along with Ulmaceae , Moraceae , and Cannabaceae . APG still considers "old" Urticales a monophyletic group , but does not recognise it as an order on its own.Fossil record The fossil record of Urticaceae is scattered and mostly based on dispersed fruits. Twelve species based on fossil achenes are known from the Late Cretaceous of Central Europe . Most were assigned to the extant genera Boehmeria , Debregeasia and Pouzolzia , while three species were assigned to the extinct genus Urticoidea . A Colombian fossil flora of the Maastrichtian stage has yielded leaves that resemble leaves of the tribe Ceropieae.Phylogeny Modern molecular phylogenetics suggest the following relationships :Tribes and genera Boehmerieae Gaudich. 1830 *Archiboehmeria C.J. Chen 1980 *Astrothalamus C.B. Rob. 1911 *Boehmeria Jacq. 1760 *Chamabainia Wight 1853 *Cypholophus Wedd. 1854 *Debregeasia Gaudich. 1844 *Gibbsia Rendle 1917 *Gonostegia Turcz. 1846 *Hemistylus Benth. 1843 *Neodistemon Babu & A. N. Henry 1970 *Neraudia Gaudich. 1830 *Nothocnide Blume 1856 *Oreocnide Miq. 1851 *Phenax Wedd. 1854 *Pipturus Wedd. 1854 *Pouzolzia Gaudich. 1826 *Rousselia Gaudich. 1826 *Sarcochlamys Gaudich. 1844 Cecropieae Gaudich. 1830 *Cecropia Loefl. 1758 *Coussapoa Aubl. 1775 *Leucosyke Zoll. & Moritzi 1845 *Maoutia Wedd. 1854 *Musanga R. Br. in Tuckey 1818 *Myrianthus P. Beauv. 1804 *Pourouma Aubl. 1775 Elatostemateae Gaudich. 1830 *Aboriella Bennet *Achudemia Blume 1856 *Elatostema J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. 1775 *Gyrotaenia Griseb. 1861 *Lecanthus Wedd. 1854 *Meniscogyne Gagnep. 1928 *Myriocarpa Benth. 1844 *Pellionia Gaudich. 1826 *Petelotiella Gagnep. in Lecomte 1929 *Pilea Lindl. 1821 *Procris Comm. ex Juss. 1789 *Sarcopilea Urb. 1912 Forsskaoleeae Gaudich. 1830 *Australina Gaudich. 1830 *Didymodoxa E. Mey. ex Wedd. 1857 *Droguetia Gaudich. 1830 *Forsskaolea L. 1764 Parietarieae Gaudich. 1830 *Gesnouinia Gaudich. 1830 *Parietaria L. 1753 *Soleirolia Gaudich. 1830 Urticeae Lamarck & DC. 1806 *Dendrocnide Miq. 1851 *Discocnide Chew 1965 *Girardinia Gaudich. 1830 *Hesperocnide Torr. 1857 *Laportea Gaudich. 1826 *Nanocnide Blume 1856 *Obetia Gaudich. 1844 *Poikilospermum Zipp. ex Miq. 1864 *Touchardia Gaudich. 1847 *Urera Gaudich. 1826 *Urtica L. 1753—nettle *Zhengyia T. Deng, D.G. Zhang & H. Sun 2013 Incertae sedis *Metatrophis F. Br. 1935Diseases The Urticaceae are subject to many bacterial, viral, fungal, and nematode parasitic diseases . Among them are: Bacterial leaf spot , caused by Xanthomonas campestris which affects Pellionia , Pilea , and other genera Anthracnose , a fungal disease caused by Colletotrichum capsici which affects Pilea Myrothecium leaf spot , a fungal disease caused by Myrothecium roridum which affects plants throughout the Urticaceae, as well as other angiosperms Phytophthora blight, a water mold disease caused by Phytophthora nicotianae which affects Pilea Southern blight, a fungal disease caused by Athelia rolfsii which affects both Pellionia and Pilea Image gallery
Popular articles Javier Milei - Argentine libertarian economist, author, radio conductor and public speaker sympathetic to the Austrian School of economic thought. He became widely known for his regular ...Jimmy Carter - American politician, philanthropist, and former farmer who served as the 39th president of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party, he previ...UEFA Euro 2024 - The 2024 UEFA European Football Championship , commonly referred to as UEFA Euro 2024 or simply Euro 2024 , will be the 17th edition of the UEFA European Championship, the quadrennial internationa...Argentina - country located mostly in the southern half of South America. Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west, the country is also b...Sam Altman - American entrepreneur, investor, programmer, and blogger. He is the former president of Y Combinator and now the CEO of OpenAI. Early life and education. ...Rosalynn Carter - American who served as First Lady of the United States from 1977 to 1981 as the wife of President Jimmy Carter. For decades, she has been a leading advocate for numerou...Next Argentine presidential election - Next Argentine presidential election - presidential election in Argentina....Popular movies The Hunger Games (film) - 2012 American dystopian action thriller science fiction-adventure film directed by Gary Ross and based on Suzanne Collins’s 2008 novel of the same name. It is the first insta...untitled Captain Marvel sequel - part of Marvel Cinematic Universe....Killers of the Flower Moon (film project) - Killers of the Flower Moon - film project in United States of America. It was presented as drama, detective fiction, thriller. The film project starred Leonardo Dicaprio, Robert De Niro. Director of...Five Nights at Freddy's (film) - Five Nights at Freddy's - film published in 2017 in United States of America. Scenarist of the film - Scott Cawthon....Popular video games Minecraft - sandbox video game developed by Mojang Studios. Created by Markus "Notch" Persson in the Java programming language and released as a public alpha for personal computers in 2...Grand Theft Auto V - 2013 action-adventure game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games. It is the first main entry in the Grand Theft Auto series since 2008's Grand Theft ...Roblox - online game platform and game creation system that allows users to program games and play games created by other users. Founded by David Baszucki and Erik Cassel in 2004 and released in...Baldur's Gate III - upcoming role-playing video game developed and published by Larian Studios for Microsoft Windows and the Stadia streaming service. It is the third main game in the Baldur's ...Alan Wake - action-adventure video game developed by Remedy Entertainment and published by Microsoft Studios, released for the Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows. The story follows best-selling thri...Fortnite - online video game developed by Epic Games and released in 2017. It is available in three distinct game mode versions that otherwise share the same general gameplay and game engine: ...Super Mario RPG - is a role-playing video game developed by Square and published by Nintendo for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1996. It was directed by Yoshihiko Maekawa and Chihiro Fujioka and produced by...Popular books Book of Revelation - The Book of Revelation is the final book of the New Testament, and consequently is also the final book of the Christian Bible. Its title is derived from the first word of the Koine Greek text: apok...Book of Genesis - account of the creation of the world, the early history of humanity, Israel's ancestors and the origins...Gospel of Matthew - The Gospel According to Matthew is the first book of the New Testament and one of the three synoptic gospels. It tells how Israel's Messiah, rejected and executed in Israel, pronounces judgement on ...Michelin Guide - Michelin Guides are a series of guide books published by the French tyre company Michelin for more than a century. The term normally refers to the annually published Michelin Red Guide , the oldest...Psalms - The Book of Psalms , commonly referred to simply as Psalms , the Psalter or "the Psalms", is the first book of the Ketuvim , the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and thus a book of th...Ecclesiastes - Ecclesiastes is one of 24 books of the Tanakh , where it is classified as one of the Ketuvim . Originally written c. 450–200 BCE, it is also among the canonical Wisdom literature of the Old Tes...The 48 Laws of Power - non-fiction book by American author Robert Greene. The book...Popular television series The Crown (TV series) - historical drama web television series about the reign of Queen Elizabeth II, created and principally written by Peter Morgan, and produced by Left Bank Pictures and Sony Pictures Tel...Friends - American sitcom television series, created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, which aired on NBC from September 22, 1994, to May 6, 2004, lasting ten seasons. With an ensemble cast sta...Young Sheldon - spin-off prequel to The Big Bang Theory and begins with the character Sheldon...Modern Family - American television mockumentary family sitcom created by Christopher Lloyd and Steven Levitan for the American Broadcasting Company. It ran for eleven seasons, from September 23...Loki (TV series) - upcoming American web television miniseries created for Disney+ by Michael Waldron, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, shar...Game of Thrones - American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss for HBO. It...Shameless (American TV series) - American comedy-drama television series developed by John Wells which debuted on Showtime on January 9, 2011. It...
OWIKI.org . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.