Cellobiose
Cellobiose is a disaccharide with the formula 2O. It is classified as a reducing sugar. In terms of its chemical structure, it is derived from the condensation of a pair β-glucose molecules forging a β bond. It can be hydrolyzed to glucose enzymatically or with acid. Cellobiose has eight free alcohol groups, one acetal linkage and one hemiacetal linkage, which give rise to strong inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonds. It is a white solid.
It can be obtained by enzymatic or acidic hydrolysis of cellulose and cellulose-rich materials such as cotton, jute, or paper. Cellobiose can be used as an indicator carbohydrate for Crohn's disease and malabsorption syndrome.
Treatment of cellulose with acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid, gives cellobiose octoacetate, which is no longer a hydrogen bond donor and is soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.
