Cepphus
Cepphus is a genus of seabirds in the auk family also referred to as true guillemots or, in North America, simply as guillemots. The genus name Cepphus is from Ancient Greek kepphos, a pale waterbird mentioned by Greek authors including Aristotle. The English word "guillemot" is from French guillemot probably derived from Guillaume, "William". "Murre" is of uncertain origins, but may imitate the call of the common guillemot.
These are medium-sized birds with mainly black plumage in the breeding season, thin dark bills and red legs and feet. Two species have white wing patches, the third has white facial “spectacles”. They are much paler in winter plumage, mottled above and white below.
The breeding habitat is rocky shores and islands on the coasts of the northern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. They usually lay their eggs in rocky sites near water.
These birds may overwinter in their breeding areas, moving to open waters if necessary, but usually not migrating very far south.
They dive for food from the surface, swimming underwater. They mainly eat fish and crustaceans, also some molluscs, insects and plant material.
The species are:
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
| Cepphus grylle | Black guillemot or Tystie | Circumpolar: Arctic coasts, North Atlantic, Alaska | |
| Cepphus columba | Pigeon guillemot | Kuril Islands and the Kamchatka Peninsula in Siberia to coasts in western North America from Alaska to California. | |
| Cepphus carbo | Spectacled guillemot | Sea of Okhotsk and the Kuril Islands in Russia and on the northern island of Hokkaidō in Japan |
There are also fossil forms
- Cepphus olsoni Howard, 1982
- Cepphus storeri Harrison, 1977
- Cepphus cf. grylle