Cercanías
Cercanías is the name given to the commuter rail systems of Spain's major metropolitan areas. In the Valencian Community, the term is replaced by Rodalia, while the designation Aldiriak is used in the Basque Country. In Catalonia, it is commonly known as Rodalies.
Operated by the national rail company Renfe Operadora, Cercanías are in the process of being transferred to the regional autonomous governments. The management of the former Rodalies Barcelona was handed over to the Catalan Government and renamed "Rodalies de Catalunya" in 2010.
There are currently twelve Cercanías systems in Spain : Asturias, Bilbao, Cádiz, Catalonia, Madrid, Málaga, Murcia/Alicante, Santander, San Sebastián, Seville, Valencia, and Zaragoza. It is well linked to Metro systems in Madrid, Barcelona, Bilbao and Valencia.
The Madrid Cercanías network was the target of the 2004 Madrid train bombings. The attacks, which killed 191 people in Santa Eugenia, El Pozo and Atocha stations, were the bloodiest terrorist actions in Spain to date.
List of ''Cercanías'' / ''Rodalies'' / ''Rodalia'' / ''Aldiriak'' systems
| System Name | Major Cities Served | Annual patronage | Lines | Stations | Length |
| Cercanías Madrid | Madrid | 227,800,000 | 10 | 90 | 370 |
| Rodalies de Catalunya | Barcelona, Girona, Tarragona | 117,000,000 | 19 | 228 | 615 |
| Cercanías Valencia | Valencia | 15,860,000 | 6 | 66 | 252 |
| Cercanías Málaga | Málaga | 11,338,341 | 2 | 26 | 70 |
| Cercanías Bilbao | Bilbao | 10,180,000 | 3 | 44 | 67 |
| Cercanías Sevilla | Seville | 7,480,000 | 5 | 37 | 251 |
| Cercanías San Sebastián | San Sebastián | 6,150,000 | 1 | 30 | 80.5 |
| Cercanías Asturias | Gijón, Oviedo, Avilés | 5,140,000 | 3 | - | - |
| Cercanías Murcia/Alicante | Murcia, Alicante | 3,730,000 | 3 | 26 | 202 |
| Cercanías Cádiz | Cádiz, Jerez de la Frontera | 2,800,000 | 2 | 13 | 61 |
| Cercanías Santander | Santander | 670,000 | 1 | 27 | 92 |
| Cercanías Zaragoza | Zaragoza | 290,000 | 1 | 6 | 16.6 |
Rolling stock
The Cercanías services use these rolling stock:| Series | Area | Image |
| 442 | Madrid | |
| 446 | Bilbao Madrid Santander Sevilla | |
| 447 | Madrid Valencia Barcelona Girona Tarragona San Sebastian | |
| 450/451 | Madrid Barcelona | |
| 592 | Murcia/Alicante Valencia Sevilla | |
| Civia | Asturias Cádiz Madrid Barcelona Girona Málaga Sevilla Valencia Zaragoza Santander |