Chapel


A chapel is a Christian place of prayer and worship that is usually relatively small, and is distinguished from a church. The term has several senses. Firstly, smaller spaces inside a church that have their own altar are often called chapels; the Lady chapel is a common type of these. Secondly, a chapel is a place of worship, sometimes non-denominational, that is part of a building or complex with some other main purpose, such as a school, college, hospital, palace or large aristocratic house, castle, barracks, prison, funeral home, cemetery, airport, or a military or commercial ship. Thirdly, chapels are small places of worship, built as satellite sites by a church or monastery, for example in remote areas; these are often called a chapel of ease. A feature of all these types is that often no clergy were permanently resident or specifically attached to the chapel.
Finally, for historical reasons, chapel is also often the term used by independent or nonconformist denominations for their places of worship in Great Britain, even where they are large and in practice they operate as a parish church.
The earliest Christian places of worship are now often referred to as chapels, as they were not dedicated buildings but rather a dedicated chamber within a building. Most larger churches had one or more secondary altars which, if they occupied a distinct space, would often be called a chapel. In Russian Orthodox tradition, the chapels were built underneath city gates, where most people could visit them. The most famous example is the Iberian Chapel.
Although chapels frequently refer to Christian places of worship, they are also commonly found in Jewish synagogues and do not necessarily denote a specific denomination. In England—where the Church of England is established by law—non-denominational or inter-faith chapels in such institutions may nonetheless be consecrated by the local Anglican bishop. Non-denominational chapels are commonly encountered as part of a non-religious institution such as a hospital, airport, university or prison. Many military installations have chapels for the use of military personnel, normally under the leadership of a military chaplain.

History

The earliest Christian places of worship were not dedicated buildings but rather a dedicated chamber within a building, such as a room in an individual's home. Here one or two people could pray without being part of a communion/congregation. People who like to use chapels may find it peaceful and relaxing to be away from the stress of life, without other people moving around them.
in Palermo and Palatine Chapel in Aachen are two most famous palace chapels of Europe.
The word "chapel", like the associated word "chaplain", is ultimately derived from Latin. More specifically, the word "chapel" is derived from a relic of Saint Martin of Tours: traditional stories about Martin relate that while he was still a soldier, he cut his military cloak in half to give part to a beggar in need. The other half he wore over his shoulders as a "small cape". The beggar, the stories claim, was Christ in disguise, and Martin experienced a conversion of heart, becoming first a monk, then abbot, then bishop. This cape came into the possession of the Frankish kings, and they kept the relic with them as they did battle. The tent which kept the cape was called the capella and the priests who said daily Mass in the tent were known as the capellani. From these words, via Old French, we get the names "chapel" and "chaplain".
The word also appears in the Irish language in the Middle Ages, as Welsh people came with the Norman and Old English invaders to the island of Ireland. While the traditional Irish word for church was eaglais, a new word, séipéal, came into usage.
, Wales. Unlike historic chapels, this is not attached to a larger place of worship.
In British history, "chapel" or "meeting house" were formerly the standard designations for church buildings belonging to independent or Nonconformist religious societies and their members. They were particularly associated with the pre-eminence of independent religious practice in rural regions of England and Wales, the northern industrial towns of the late 18th and 19th centuries, and centres of population close to but outside the City of London. As a result, "chapel" is sometimes used as an adjective in the UK to describe the members of such churches: for example in the sentence "I'm Chapel."

Types of chapel

A bridge chapel is a small place of Christian worship, built either on, or immediately adjacent to, a road bridge; they were commonly established during pre-Reformation mediaeval era in Europe.
A castle chapel, in European architecture, is a chapel built within a castle.
A parecclesion or parakklesion is a type of side chapel found in Byzantine architecture.
A capilla posa is an architectural feature of the monastery-ensembles of Mexico in the 16th century, consisting of four vaulted quadrangular buildings located at the ends of the atrium outside them.
A capilla abierta is one of the most distinct Mexican church construction forms. Mostly built in the 16th century during the early colonial period.
A proprietary chapel is one that originally belonged to a private individual. In the 19th century they were common, often being built to cope with urbanisation. Frequently they were established by evangelical philanthropists with a vision of spreading Christianity in cities whose needs could no longer be met by the parishes. Some functioned more privately, with a wealthy person building a chapel so that they could invite their favorite preachers. They are anomalies in the English ecclesiastical law, having no parish area, but being permitted to have an Anglican clergyman licensed there. Historically many Anglican churches were proprietary chapels. Over the years they have often been converted into normal parishes.
A court chapel is a chapel as a musical ensemble associated with a royal or noble court. Most of these are royal chapels, but when the ruler of the court is not a king, the more generic "court chapel" is used, for instance for an imperial court.

Modern usage

While the usage of the word "chapel" is not exclusively limited to Christian terminology, it is most often found in that context. Nonetheless, the word's meaning can vary by denomination, and non-denominational chapels can be found in many hospitals, airports, and even the United Nations headquarters. Chapels can also be found for worship in Judaism.
The word "chapel" is in particularly common usage in the United Kingdom, and especially in Wales, for Nonconformist places of worship; and in Scotland and Ireland for Roman Catholic churches. In the UK, due to the rise in Nonconformist chapels during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, by the time of the 1851 census, more people attended the independent chapels than attended the state religion's Anglican churches.
In Roman Catholic Church canon law, a chapel, technically called an "oratory", is a building or part thereof dedicated to the celebration of services, particularly the Mass, which is not a parish church. This may be a private chapel, for the use of one person or a select group ; a semi-public oratory, which is partially available to the general public ; or a public oratory.
Chapels that are built as part of a larger church are holy areas set aside for some specific use or purpose: for instance, many cathedrals and large churches have a "Lady Chapel" in the apse, dedicated to the Virgin Mary; parish churches may have such a "Lady Chapel" in a side aisle or a "Chapel of Reservation" or "Blessed Sacrament Chapel" where the consecrated bread of the Eucharist is kept in reserve between services, for the purpose of taking Holy Communion to the sick and housebound and, in some Christian traditions, for devotional purposes.
Common uses of the word chapel today include:
The first airport chapel was created in 1951 in Boston for airport workers but grew to include travelers. It was originally Catholic, but chapels today are often multifaith.

Notable chapels

ChapelYearLocation
Bethesda Methodist Chapel, Hanley1887Hanley, Staffordshire, England
Boardwalk Chapel1945The Wildwoods, New Jersey, United States
Brancacci Chapel1386Church of Santa Maria del Carmine in Florence, Italy
Contarelli Chapel1585San Luigi dei Francesi in Rome, Italy
Duke Chapel1932Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States
Eton College Chapel1440–c.1460Eton College, Eton, Berkshire, England
Chapelle expiatoire1824Paris, France
Gallus Chapel1330–1340Greifensee ZH, Switzerland
Heinz Memorial Chapel1938University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
Henry VII Chapel1503Westminster Abbey, London, England
Chapel of the Holy Shroud1694Turin, Italy
King's College Chapel, Cambridge1446Cambridge University, Cambridge, England
King's College Chapel, London1446King's College, London, England
Lee Chapel1867Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia, USA
Llandaff Oratory1925Van Reenen, South Africa
Magi Chapel1459–1461Palazzo Medici Riccardi in Florence, Italy
Niccoline Chapel1447–1449Apostolic Palace, Vatican City
Palatine Chapel786Aachen Cathedral, Aachen, Germany
Palatine Chapel1132Palazzo dei Normanni in Palermo, Sicily, Italy
Pauline Chapel1540Apostolic Palace, Vatican City
Pettit Memorial Chapel1907Belvidere, Illinois, United States
Queen's Chapel1623St James's Palace, London, England
Chapelle Rouge15th century BCKarnak, Egypt
Chapelle du Rosaire de Vence1951Vence, France
Rosary Chapel1531-1690Puebla City, Puebla, Mexico
Rosslyn Chapel1440Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland
Rothko Chapel1964Houston, Texas, United States
Royal Chapel of Granada1517Granada, Spain
Royal Chapel, Madriddesigned 1748Royal Palace of Madrid, Spain
Royal Chapel, Sweden1754Stockholm Palace, Sweden
Chapelle royale de Dreux1816Dreux, Eure-et-Loir, France
St. Aloysius Chapel1884Mangalore, India
St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle1348Windsor Castle, England
Chapel of Saint Helena, Jerusalem12th centuryChurch of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem
St. Ivan Rilski Chapel2003Livingston Island, Antarctica
St. Joan of Arc Chapel15th centuryRelocated to Marquette University, Milwaukee, United States
St. Paul's Chapel1766New York City, United States
Chapel of St Peter-on-the-Wall654Bradwell-on-Sea, Essex, England
St Salvator's Chapel1450St Andrews University, St Andrews, Scotland
Sainte-Chapelle1246Île de la Cité, Paris, France
Sassetti Chapel1470Santa Trinita, Florence
Sigismund's Chapel1519Krakow, Poland
Sistine Chapel1473Apostolic Palace, Vatican City
Skull Chapel1776Kudowa, Silesia, Poland
Slipper Chapel1340Norfolk, England
Chapel of the Snows1989McMurdo Station, Ross Island, Antarctica
Chapelle de la Trinité1622Lyon, France
Chapels of Versailles17th–18th centuriesPalace of Versailles, France

Gallery