Chapman got its start in the 1860s, following construction of the railroad through the territory. The new railroad town was named for a railroad official. The first building was built in Chapman in 1871. The Cahow Barber Shop in Chapman is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
As of the census of 2010, there were 287 people, 115 households, and 78 families residing in the village. The population density was. There were 133 housing units at an average density of. The racial makeup of the village was 96.9% White, 0.7% African American, 1.0% Native American, 0.3% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.5% of the population. There were 115 households, of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.1% were married couplesliving together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 10.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.2% were non-families. 21.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.83. The median age in the village was 40.6 years. 24.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.8% were from 25 to 44; 26.5% were from 45 to 64; and 15.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 49.5% male and 50.5% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 341 people, 131 households, and 94 families residing in the village. The population density was 759.5 people per square mile. There were 144 housing units at an average density of 320.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 97.65% White, 1.17% Native American, 0.29% from other races, and 0.88% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.05% of the population. There were 131 households, out of which 39.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.6% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.5% were non-families. 22.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.09. In the village, the population was spread out, with 31.4% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.5 males. As of 2000 the median income for a household in the village was $29,375, and the median income for a family was $31,458. Males had a median income of $23,125 versus $17,500 for females. The per capita income for the village was $12,519. About 12.5% of families and 9.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.3% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.
